2 DNS & IP Blocking Tracker

DNS & IP Blocking Tracker – Interactive Map Demo body { margin: 0; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #17211e; background: #fff; } .topdns-tracker { –tracker-accent: var(–topdns-accent, #E2001A); –tracker-accent-soft: color-mix(in srgb, var(–tracker-accent) 10%, white); –tracker-text: inherit; –tracker-muted: #5f6b68; –tracker-border: #dfe6e3; –tracker-bg: #ffffff; –tracker-bg-soft: #f6f8f7; –tracker-danger: #a0382d; –tracker-radius: 10px; color: var(–tracker-text); font: inherit; line-height: 1.5; max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; } .topdns-tracker *, .topdns-tracker *::before, .topdns-tracker *::after { box-sizing: border-box; } .topdns-tracker button, .topdns-tracker input, .topdns-tracker select { font: inherit; } .topdns-tracker a { color: var(–tracker-accent); } .tracker-hero { padding: 1rem 0 1.25rem; } .tracker-kicker { margin: 0 0 .35rem; color: var(–tracker-accent); font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .04em; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: .84rem; } .tracker-title { margin: 0; font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.4rem); line-height: 1.05; } .tracker-intro { max-width: 850px; margin: .8rem 0 0; color: var(–tracker-muted); font-size: 1.05rem; } .tracker-stats { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: .75rem; margin: 1.2rem 0 1.4rem; } .tracker-stat { background: var(–tracker-bg-soft); border: 1px solid var(–tracker-border); border-radius: var(–tracker-radius); padding: 1rem; } .tracker-stat strong { display: block; font-size: 1.65rem; line-height: 1; } .tracker-stat span { display: block; margin-top: .35rem; color: var(–tracker-muted); font-size: .88rem; } .tracker-tabs { display: flex; gap: .35rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(–tracker-border); margin-bottom: 1rem; } .tracker-tab { appearance: none; border: 0; background: transparent; padding: .75rem 1rem; cursor: pointer; border-bottom: 3px solid transparent; font-weight: 700; color: var(–tracker-muted); } .tracker-tab[aria-selected=”true”] { color: var(–tracker-accent); border-color: var(–tracker-accent); } .tracker-toolbar { background: var(–tracker-bg-soft); border: 1px solid var(–tracker-border); border-radius: var(–tracker-radius); padding: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; } .tracker-search { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; gap: .6rem; margin-bottom: .8rem; } .tracker-search input, .tracker-filter select { width: 100%; min-height: 44px; border: 1px solid #bac7c3; border-radius: 7px; background: #fff; padding: .6rem .7rem; color: #1d2724; } .tracker-search input:focus, .tracker-filter select:focus { outline: 3px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(–tracker-accent) 22%, transparent); border-color: var(–tracker-accent); } .tracker-filters { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: .7rem; } .tracker-filter label { display: block; font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: .25rem; color: var(–tracker-muted); } .tracker-button { border: 1px solid var(–tracker-accent); border-radius: 7px; padding: .58rem .85rem; cursor: pointer; background: var(–tracker-accent); color: white; font-weight: 700; } .tracker-button.secondary { background: transparent; color: var(–tracker-accent); } .tracker-button.ghost { background: transparent; color: var(–tracker-muted); border-color: var(–tracker-border); } .tracker-actions { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: .75rem; margin-top: .8rem; flex-wrap: wrap; } .tracker-actions-left, .tracker-actions-right { display: flex; gap: .5rem; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; } .tracker-result-count { font-weight: 700; } .tracker-cards { display: grid; gap: .8rem; } .tracker-card { border: 1px solid var(–tracker-border); border-radius: var(–tracker-radius); background: var(–tracker-bg); padding: 1rem 1rem .95rem; } .tracker-card:hover { border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(–tracker-accent) 45%, var(–tracker-border)); } .tracker-card-top { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: flex-start; gap: 1rem; } .tracker-meta { color: var(–tracker-muted); font-size: .82rem; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .02em; } .tracker-card h3 { margin: .3rem 0 .45rem; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.25; } .tracker-card p { margin: 0; color: var(–tracker-muted); } .tracker-card-footer { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; align-items: center; margin-top: .8rem; flex-wrap: wrap; } .tracker-badges { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .35rem; } .tracker-badge { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; border-radius: 999px; padding: .25rem .55rem; font-size: .74rem; font-weight: 700; background: var(–tracker-bg-soft); border: 1px solid var(–tracker-border); } .tracker-badge.yes { background: var(–tracker-accent-soft); border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(–tracker-accent) 25%, white); color: var(–tracker-accent); } .tracker-badge.no { color: var(–tracker-muted); } .tracker-status { white-space: nowrap; font-size: .77rem; font-weight: 800; text-transform: uppercase; } .tracker-status.in_force { color: var(–tracker-accent); } .tracker-status.not_in_force { color: var(–tracker-danger); } .tracker-details-link { appearance: none; border: 0; background: none; color: var(–tracker-accent); padding: .3rem 0; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 800; } .tracker-empty { padding: 2rem; text-align: center; border: 1px dashed var(–tracker-border); border-radius: var(–tracker-radius); color: var(–tracker-muted); } .tracker-load-more { text-align: center; margin: 1rem 0; } .tracker-compare-wrap { overflow-x: auto; border: 1px solid var(–tracker-border); border-radius: var(–tracker-radius); } .tracker-compare { width: 100%; min-width: 700px; border-collapse: collapse; background: #fff; } .tracker-compare th, .tracker-compare td { padding: .75rem .8rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(–tracker-border); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; } .tracker-compare th { background: var(–tracker-bg-soft); font-size: .78rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .03em; color: var(–tracker-muted); } .tracker-compare tr:last-child td { border-bottom: 0; } .tracker-compare td.num { text-align: right; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; } .tracker-methodology { margin-top: 1.5rem; padding: 1.1rem; border-top: 1px solid var(–tracker-border); color: var(–tracker-muted); font-size: .92rem; } .tracker-methodology h2 { color: inherit; margin-top: 0; font-size: 1.1rem; } .tracker-dialog { width: min(780px, calc(100vw – 2rem)); max-height: min(88vh, 900px); border: 0; border-radius: 12px; padding: 0; box-shadow: 0 24px 80px rgba(0,0,0,.22); } .tracker-dialog::backdrop { background: rgba(8, 20, 17, .52); } .tracker-dialog-inner { padding: 1.2rem; } .tracker-dialog-head { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; align-items: flex-start; position: sticky; top: 0; background: #fff; padding-bottom: .8rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(–tracker-border); z-index: 2; } .tracker-dialog h2 { margin: .2rem 0 0; font-size: 1.45rem; line-height: 1.2; } .tracker-close { width: 40px; height: 40px; border-radius: 999px; border: 1px solid var(–tracker-border); background: #fff; cursor: pointer; font-size: 1.35rem; line-height: 1; } .tracker-detail-section { padding: .9rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(–tracker-border); } .tracker-detail-section:last-child { border-bottom: 0; } .tracker-detail-section h3 { margin: 0 0 .35rem; font-size: .95rem; } .tracker-detail-section p { margin: 0; white-space: pre-line; } .tracker-detail-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: .8rem; } .tracker-detail-grid div { background: var(–tracker-bg-soft); padding: .75rem; border-radius: 7px; } .tracker-detail-grid strong { display: block; font-size: .76rem; color: var(–tracker-muted); text-transform: uppercase; } .tracker-source-list { margin: .3rem 0 0; padding-left: 1.15rem; } .tracker-source-list li { margin: .35rem 0; } @media (max-width: 900px) { .tracker-stats { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); } .tracker-filters { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); } } @media (max-width: 600px) { .tracker-stats, .tracker-filters, .tracker-detail-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .tracker-search { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .tracker-card-top { display: block; } .tracker-status { display: inline-block; margin-top: .35rem; } .tracker-dialog { width: calc(100vw – 1rem); } } /* Interactive map */ .tracker-map-panel { border: 1px solid var(–tracker-border); border-radius: var(–tracker-radius); background: var(–tracker-bg); overflow: hidden; } .tracker-map-head { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: flex-start; gap: 1rem; padding: 1rem 1rem .6rem; } .tracker-map-head h2 { margin: 0 0 .25rem; font-size: 1.15rem; } .tracker-map-head p { margin: 0; color: var(–tracker-muted); max-width: 760px; font-size: .92rem; } .tracker-map-toggle { display: inline-flex; border: 1px solid var(–tracker-border); border-radius: 8px; padding: 2px; background: var(–tracker-bg-soft); flex: 0 0 auto; } .tracker-map-toggle button { border: 0; background: transparent; color: var(–tracker-muted); padding: .45rem .7rem; border-radius: 6px; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 700; } .tracker-map-toggle button[aria-pressed=”true”] { background: var(–tracker-bg); color: var(–tracker-accent); box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.08); } .tracker-map-legend { display: flex; gap: .8rem; flex-wrap: wrap; padding: 0 1rem .75rem; color: var(–tracker-muted); font-size: .78rem; } .tracker-map-legend span { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .35rem; } .tracker-map-swatch { display: inline-block; width: 1rem; height: 1rem; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(–tracker-accent) 35%, var(–tracker-border)); background: var(–tracker-accent); } .tracker-map-swatch.level-1 { opacity: .28; } .tracker-map-swatch.level-2 { opacity: .48; } .tracker-map-swatch.level-3 { opacity: .7; } .tracker-map-swatch.level-4 { opacity: .95; } .tracker-map-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 250px; min-height: 440px; border-top: 1px solid var(–tracker-border); } .tracker-map-frame { position: relative; min-width: 0; overflow: hidden; background: #f8faf9; } .tracker-map-svg { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; min-height: 440px; } .tracker-map-country { fill: #e8eeeb; stroke: #ffffff; stroke-width: .45; cursor: default; transition: fill-opacity .15s ease, stroke .15s ease, stroke-width .15s ease; } .tracker-map-country.has-cases { fill: var(–tracker-accent); cursor: pointer; } .tracker-map-country.level-1 { fill-opacity: .28; } .tracker-map-country.level-2 { fill-opacity: .48; } .tracker-map-country.level-3 { fill-opacity: .7; } .tracker-map-country.level-4 { fill-opacity: .95; } .tracker-map-country.has-cases:hover, .tracker-map-country.has-cases:focus { stroke: #17211e; stroke-width: 1.1; outline: none; fill-opacity: 1; } .tracker-map-country.selected { stroke: #17211e; stroke-width: 1.4; fill-opacity: 1; } .tracker-map-tooltip { position: absolute; z-index: 3; width: 220px; pointer-events: none; background: #2b171b; color: #fff; border-radius: 8px; padding: .65rem .7rem; box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.2); font-size: .82rem; } .tracker-map-tooltip strong, .tracker-map-tooltip span, .tracker-map-tooltip small { display: block; } .tracker-map-tooltip strong { font-size: .95rem; margin-bottom: .15rem; } .tracker-map-tooltip small { opacity: .78; margin-top: .25rem; line-height: 1.35; } .tracker-map-summary { border-left: 1px solid var(–tracker-border); background: var(–tracker-bg); padding: .9rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: .9rem; } .tracker-map-selected { padding: .75rem; border-radius: 8px; background: var(–tracker-accent-soft); border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(–tracker-accent) 22%, white); } .tracker-map-selected strong, .tracker-map-selected span { display: block; } .tracker-map-selected strong { margin: .15rem 0; } .tracker-map-selected span { color: var(–tracker-muted); font-size: .82rem; } .tracker-map-summary-block { display: grid; gap: .35rem; } .tracker-map-ranking { display: grid; gap: .2rem; } .tracker-map-jurisdiction { width: 100%; border: 0; background: transparent; padding: .45rem .5rem; border-radius: 6px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: .5rem; text-align: left; cursor: pointer; color: inherit; } .tracker-map-jurisdiction:hover, .tracker-map-jurisdiction:focus { background: var(–tracker-bg-soft); outline: none; } .tracker-map-jurisdiction.active { background: var(–tracker-accent-soft); color: var(–tracker-accent); } .tracker-map-jurisdiction span { color: var(–tracker-muted); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; } .tracker-map-summary-total { margin-top: auto; padding-top: .65rem; border-top: 1px solid var(–tracker-border); color: var(–tracker-muted); font-size: .8rem; } .tracker-map-note { margin: 0; padding: .7rem 1rem; border-top: 1px solid var(–tracker-border); background: var(–tracker-bg-soft); color: var(–tracker-muted); font-size: .76rem; } @media (max-width: 900px) { .tracker-map-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .tracker-map-summary { border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(–tracker-border); display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); } .tracker-map-summary-total { grid-column: 1 / -1; } } @media (max-width: 600px) { .tracker-map-head { display: block; } .tracker-map-toggle { margin-top: .7rem; } .tracker-map-layout { min-height: 0; } .tracker-map-svg { min-height: 320px; } .tracker-map-summary { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .tracker-map-summary-total { grid-column: auto; } } /* Compatibility fallback for browsers without native modal behavior */ .tracker-dialog[open] { position: fixed; inset: 5% auto auto 50%; transform: translateX(-50%); z-index: 99999; background: #fff; overflow: auto; }
JavaScript is required for the interactive tracker.
window.TOPDNS_BLOCKING_TRACKER_DATA = { “meta”: { “title”: “DNS & IP Blocking Tracker”, “source_file”: “dns ip blocking tracker – 0826 (1).xlsx”, “case_count”: 74, “jurisdiction_count”: 31, “country_count_excluding_eu”: 30, “dns_blocking_confirmed_count”: 43, “ip_blocking_confirmed_count”: 21, “in_force_count”: 70, “notes”: [ “Dataset and filter values are generated from the attached Excel workbook.”, “Topic and affected-stakeholder filters use the values recorded in the workbook; newline-separated values are offered individually.”, “Unknown DNS/IP values are represented as null and shown as Unknown / not specified.” ] }, “taxonomy”: { “regions”: [ “EU”, “International” ], “periods”: [ “2026”, “2025/12”, “2025/06”, “2025”, “2024”, “2023”, “2022”, “2021”, “2020/10”, “2020/06”, “2020”, “2019”, “2018”, “2017”, “2016”, “2015”, “2014”, “2013”, “2012”, “2011”, “2010”, “2009”, “2007”, “2006”, “2005”, “2004” ], “countries”: [ “Australia”, “Belgium”, “Canada”, “Czech Republic”, “Denmark”, “Estonia”, “EU”, “Finland”, “France”, “Germany”, “Greece”, “India”, “Indonesia”, “Ireland”, “Italy”, “Latvia”, “Lithuania”, “Netherlands”, “Norway”, “Poland”, “Portugal”, “Romania”, “Russia”, “Singapore”, “South Korea”, “Spain”, “Sweden”, “Switzerland”, “Turkey”, “UK”, “United States” ], “topics”: [ “Copyright”, “Copyright / intermediary liability”, “Copyright / piracy”, “Copyright / sports piracy”, “CSAM”, “CSAM / unlawful / Prohibited content”, “General blocking framework”, “Illegal content / public-order offences”, “Illegal gambling”, “National security / public order / unlawful content”, “Sanctions / state media”, “Terrorism”, “Trademark / blocking”, “Unlawful / harmful content”, “Unlawful / prohibited content” ], “case_types”: [ “Administrative Measure”, “Co-regulatory / Cooperative Measure”, “Court”, “Legislation / Regulation”, “Policy Proposal / Draft”, “Study / Report”, “Voluntary / Self-regulatory Measure” ], “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Broadcaster”, “DNS Provider”, “Domain Name Provider”, “Gambling Operator”, “Hosting”, “Industry / Civil Society Body”, “Internet Provider”, “Internet Service Provider”, “Platform Operator”, “Public Authority”, “Rights Holder”, “User”, “Website Operator” ], “blocking_types”: [ “Blocking Proposal / Draft”, “Cooperative / Voluntary Blocking”, “Domain Name Enforcement”, “Dynamic Blocking”, “General Blocking Framework”, “Intermediary Liability / Responsibility”, “Live / Real-Time Blocking”, “Register / Blacklist Blocking”, “Service-Provider Enforcement”, “Site / Service Blocking”, “SNI / TLS hostname filtering” ], “dns_ip_values”: [ “yes”, “no”, “unknown” ], “statuses”: [ { “value”: “in_force”, “label”: “In force” }, { “value”: “not_in_force”, “label”: “Not in force” } ] }, “cases”: [ { “id”: “eu-001”, “slug”: “france-2025-12-19-decembre-2025-tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-rg-n-25-11816-application-by-the-canal-media-group”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 3, “time”: { “raw”: “2025/12”, “year”: 2025, “month”: 12, “display”: “Dec 2025”, “sort_key”: 202512 }, “country”: “France”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / sports piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / sports piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “19 décembre 2025\nTribunal judiciaire de Paris\nRG n° 25/11816, (application by the Canal+ media group)”, “institution”: “Tribunal Judiciaire de Paris”, “objective”: “To compel DNS resolvers to block domains enabling unauthorized Ligue 1 piracy.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “DNS Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nBroadcaster\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “DNS Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “Broadcaster”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Service-Provider Enforcement”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “The Paris court order was requested by Canal+ and related right holders to extend anti-piracy blocking to DNS resolvers. It targets domains used to access unauthorized Ligue 1 content and treats public DNS providers as intermediaries that can be ordered to implement blocking.”, “result”: “The decision broadens French sports-piracy blocking beyond access ISPs by requiring DNS resolvers to participate. It is relevant because it confirms that court-ordered blocking can reach neutral technical intermediaries when used to circumvent existing site blocks.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.courdecassation.fr/decision/6945d80b75782d5f06d408ab”, “secondary”: “https://www.internetsociety.org/blog/2026/04/dns-blocking-mind-the-unintended-consequences/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-002”, “slug”: “france-2025-06-blockade-of-sports-piracy-lfp-lfp-media”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 4, “time”: { “raw”: “2025/06”, “year”: 2025, “month”: 6, “display”: “Jun 2025”, “sort_key”: 202506 }, “country”: “France”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / sports piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / sports piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “Blockade of sports piracy (LFP/LFP Media)”, “institution”: “Tribunal Judiciaire de Paris”, “objective”: “To secure pre-season injunctions enabling ISPs and Arcom to rapidly block illegal football streaming services.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nBroadcaster\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “Broadcaster”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Live / Real-Time Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “The LFP/LFP Media proceeding sought urgent pre-season blocking measures against illegal live football streaming services. The case relied on the French sports-piracy framework to enable rapid blocking before and during the competition season.”, “result”: “The order confirms that LFP and LFP Media can obtain advance interim measures against unauthorized sports streams. It supports a fast and repeatable blocking model for live sports piracy in France.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.courdecassation.fr/decision/687005c4b8daa57c7f66a65e”, “secondary”: “https://www.lemonde.fr/en/summer-reads/article/2025/08/14/hackers-versus-sports-broadcasters-a-tight-match-to-win-over-viewers_6744386_183.html”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-003”, “slug”: “netherlands-2020-10-dynamic-blocking-of-tpb-mirror-proxy-sites”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 5, “time”: { “raw”: “2020/10”, “year”: 2020, “month”: 10, “display”: “Oct 2020”, “sort_key”: 202010 }, “country”: “Netherlands”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “Dynamic blocking of TPB mirror/proxy sites”, “institution”: “Rb. Midden-Nederland”, “objective”: “To require ISPs to block new Pirate Bay mirror and proxy domains quickly after Notification without repeated lawsuits.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Dynamic Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “The Dutch dynamic blocking case addressed circumvention of existing Pirate Bay blocking orders through mirror and proxy domains. Stichting BREIN sought a mechanism to add new substitute domains without bringing a fresh case each time.”, “result”: “The court allowed dynamic blocking of new mirror and proxy domains linked to The Pirate Bay. This created a more flexible Dutch model against circumvention of site-blocking orders.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/details?id=ECLI%3ANL%3ARBMNE%3A2020%3A4399”, “secondary”: “https://torrentfreak.com/dutch-isps-must-block-pirate-bay-proxies-and-mirrors-again-court-rules-201015/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-004”, “slug”: “netherlands-2020-06-ziggo-xs4all-must-block-the-pirate-bay”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 6, “time”: { “raw”: “2020/06”, “year”: 2020, “month”: 6, “display”: “Jun 2020”, “sort_key”: 202006 }, “country”: “Netherlands”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “Ziggo/XS4ALL must block The Pirate Bay”, “institution”: “Gerechtshof Amsterdam”, “objective”: “To implement blocking of The Pirate Bay after EU case law confirmed it facilitates communication of infringing works.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Site / Service Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “The Dutch Ziggo/XS4ALL case followed the CJEU’s finding that The Pirate Bay could itself be engaged in communication to the public. The Dutch court then assessed whether national blocking orders against access providers were justified.”, “result”: “The Amsterdam Court ordered Ziggo and XS4ALL to block access to The Pirate Bay. The decision made the earlier EU ruling operational in Dutch copyright enforcement.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/details?id=ECLI%3ANL%3AGHAMS%3A2020%3A1421”, “secondary”: “https://www.dutchnews.nl/2020/06/ziggo-xs4all-told-they-must-block-access-to-the-pirate-bay/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-005”, “slug”: “germany-2010-access-impediment-act-zugerschwg-2010-2011”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 7, “time”: { “raw”: “2010”, “year”: 2010, “month”: null, “display”: “2010”, “sort_key”: 201000 }, “country”: “Germany”, “topic_raw”: “CSAM”, “topics”: [ “CSAM” ], “case_type”: “Legislation / Regulation”, “name”: “Access Impediment Act (ZugErschwG) 2010/2011”, “institution”: “Bundeskriminalamt (BKA)”, “objective”: “To hinder access to CSAM websites through state-ordered ISP blocking where deletion was Not timely possible.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “General Blocking Framework”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “The Access Impediment Act aimed to prevent access from Germany to websites containing child sexual abuse material by requiring access providers to implement BKA-based blocking lists.”, “result”: “The Act was repealed in 2011 and replaced politically by the ‘delete instead of block’ approach. It is therefore a historical example of German CSAM blocking legislation, not a measure currently in force.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?start=%2F%2F%2A%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl110s0078.pdf%27%5D”, “secondary”: “https://edri.org/our-work/edrigramnumber9-24german-internet-blocking-law-repealed/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “not_in_force”, “status_label”: “Not in force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-006”, “slug”: “spain-2026-laliga-telefonica-audiovisual-digital-nordvpn-and-proton-vpn”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 8, “time”: { “raw”: “2026”, “year”: 2026, “month”: null, “display”: “2026”, “sort_key”: 202600 }, “country”: “Spain”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / sports piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / sports piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “LALIGA / Telefónica Audiovisual Digital ./. NordVPN and Proton VPN”, “institution”: “Juzgado de lo Mercantil n.º 1 de Córdoba”, “objective”: “To extend anti-piracy blocking to VPN providers by requiring Spanish access blocks to IPs used for illegal LaLiga streams.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nHosting\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nBroadcaster\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Hosting”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “Broadcaster”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: “Shared-IP anti-piracy blocks reportedly hit thousands of lawful websites/apps carried on Cloudflare and other CDNs; VPN providers warned the new order could widen these side effects.”, “has_collateral_damage”: true, “blocking_type”: “Service-Provider Enforcement”, “dns_blocking”: false, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “The Spanish court order concerns anti-piracy enforcement against services used to access unauthorized live sports streams, including VPN providers. It extends the enforcement focus from classic access ISPs to providers that may enable circumvention of blocking measures.”, “result”: “The case is significant because VPN providers were drawn directly into Spanish sports-piracy enforcement. It indicates a shift toward blocking obligations against service providers considered responsible for enabling access to infringing streams.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/news/information-Note-on-the-precautionary-measures-granted-to-laliga-against-Nordvpn-and-protonvpn”, “secondary”: “https://www.tomsguide.com/computing/vpns/Nordvpn-and-proton-vpn-hit-with-blocking-orders-as-spain-cracks-down-on-illegal-soccer-streams”, “collateral_damage”: “https://www.techradar.com/vpn/vpn-privacy-security/la-ligas-war-on-piracy-is-breaking-the-internet-in-spain-and-your-vpn-could-be-the-next-target” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: “For the first time, a VPN provider in Spain is directly involved in enforcement measures against sports piracy”, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-007”, “slug”: “italy-2025-agcom-delibera-209-25-cons-piracy-shield-extension”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 9, “time”: { “raw”: “2025”, “year”: 2025, “month”: null, “display”: “2025”, “sort_key”: 202500 }, “country”: “Italy”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / sports piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / sports piracy” ], “case_type”: “Administrative Measure”, “name”: “AGCOM Delibera 209/25/CONS – Piracy Shield Extension”, “institution”: “AGCOM”, “objective”: “To broaden Piracy Shield from sports to all live audiovisual content and strengthen its technical framework.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nDNS Provider\nHosting\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nBroadcaster\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “DNS Provider”, “Hosting”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “Broadcaster”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: “Piracy Shield has been reported to overblock lawful domains; later studies/media accounts say thousands of legitimate domains, including some Google-hosted services, were affected.”, “has_collateral_damage”: true, “blocking_type”: “Live / Real-Time Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “AGCOM Delibera 209/25/CONS amends the existing Italian anti-piracy framework and expands Piracy Shield beyond sports events to additional live audiovisual content. The measure strengthens the organizational and technical basis for rapid DNS and IP blocking.”, “result”: “The expansion means Piracy Shield is No longer limited to sports piracy. It broadens Italy’s real-time blocking system to wider categories of live audiovisual content and increases the number of potential blocking events.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.agcom.it/provvedimenti/delibera-209-25-cons”, “secondary”: “https://digitalpolicyalert.org/change/15712-communications-regulatory-authority-amended-online-copyright-regulations-expanding-piracy-shield-scope-for-dynamic-injunctions-over-live-and-audiovisual-content-resolution-20925cons”, “collateral_damage”: “https://labs.ripe.net/author/antonio-prado/live-event-blocking-at-scale-effectiveness-vs-collateral-damage-in-italys-piracy-shield/” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-008”, “slug”: “belgium-2025-gaming-commission-dns-belgium-cooperation”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 10, “time”: { “raw”: “2025”, “year”: 2025, “month”: null, “display”: “2025”, “sort_key”: 202500 }, “country”: “Belgium”, “topic_raw”: “Illegal gambling”, “topics”: [ “Illegal gambling” ], “case_type”: “Co-regulatory / Cooperative Measure”, “name”: “Gaming Commission – DNS Belgium cooperation”, “institution”: “Gaming Commission working with DNS Belgium”, “objective”: “Detect and curb illegal gambling aimed at Belgian users”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “DNS Provider\nDomain Name Provider\nGambling Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “DNS Provider”, “Domain Name Provider”, “Gambling Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Domain Name Enforcement”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “Gaming Commission – DNS Belgium cooperation is a blocking measure/regime in Belgium. It is based on Gambling Act of 7 May 1999 plus 2025 cooperation agreement. Enforcement route: Gaming Commission working with DNS Belgium. Primary targets are Illegal gambling sites using .be and related Belgian domains. Technical note: Official communication emphasizes easier detection of illegal .be gambling sites; some trade press also describes wider IP-blocking capability.”, “result”: “Publicly documented strengthening of blocking/enforcement cooperation took effect in December 2025.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.gamingcommission.be/en/samenwerkingsakkoord-met-dns-belgium”, “secondary”: “https://www.dnsbelgium.be/en/news/new-agreement-illegal-gambling-strengthens-online-safety”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: “Very important as a general enabling provision: Unlike sector-specific special regimes in the sports or gambling sectors, L.336-2 establishes a general copyright mechanism to address intermediaries”, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-009”, “slug”: “germany-2025-draft-second-amendment-to-the-interstate-gambling-treaty”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 11, “time”: { “raw”: “2025”, “year”: 2025, “month”: null, “display”: “2025”, “sort_key”: 202500 }, “country”: “Germany”, “topic_raw”: “Illegal gambling”, “topics”: [ “Illegal gambling” ], “case_type”: “Policy Proposal / Draft”, “name”: “Draft Second Amendment to the Interstate Gambling Treaty”, “institution”: “German Länder / future GGL implementation”, “objective”: “Clarify and broaden the legal basis for DNS-based blocking of illegal gambling sites”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “DNS Provider\nGambling Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “DNS Provider”, “Gambling Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Blocking Proposal / Draft”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “Draft Second Amendment to the Interstate Gambling Treaty is a blocking measure/regime in Germany. It is based on Entwurf Zweiter Anderungsstaatsvertrag zum Glucksspielstaatsvertrag. Enforcement route: German Länder / future GGL implementation. Primary targets are Illegal online gambling offers. Technical note: Draft rationale says DNS blocking has become the regularly more proportionate blocking method in practice.”, “result”: “Pending reform as of April 2026; not yet in force.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.innenministerkonferenz.de/IMK/DE/termine/to-beschluesse/2025-06-13_DOK/TOP_67_1.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1”, “secondary”: “https://www.vdai.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Entwurfstext_und_Erlaeuterungen_Not._2025-0360-DE_2.-GlueAendStV_2021.pdf”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “not_in_force”, “status_label”: “Not in force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-010”, “slug”: “norway-2025-dns-blocking-of-illegal-gambling-sites”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 12, “time”: { “raw”: “2025”, “year”: 2025, “month”: null, “display”: “2025”, “sort_key”: 202500 }, “country”: “Norway”, “topic_raw”: “Illegal gambling”, “topics”: [ “Illegal gambling” ], “case_type”: “Administrative Measure”, “name”: “DNS blocking of illegal gambling sites”, “institution”: “Norwegian Gambling Authority / ISPs”, “objective”: “Safeguard players and uphold the exclusive-rights gambling model”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “DNS Provider\nGambling Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “DNS Provider”, “Gambling Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Site / Service Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “DNS blocking of illegal gambling sites is a blocking measure/regime in Norway. It is based on 2025 amendment to Norway’s gambling framework. Enforcement route: Norwegian Gambling Authority / ISPs. Primary targets are Illegal gambling websites targeting Norway. Technical note: The regulator explicitly labels the regime DNS blocking.”, “result”: “Introduced in 2025; a recent addition to the European gambling-blocking map.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://lottstift.no/en/dns-blocking-in-norway/”, “secondary”: “https://www.igamingtoday.com/Norway-intensifies-crackdown-on-unlicensed-gambling-with-dns-blocking-initiative/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-011”, “slug”: “eu-2024-digital-services-act”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 13, “time”: { “raw”: “2024”, “year”: 2024, “month”: null, “display”: “2024”, “sort_key”: 202400 }, “country”: “EU”, “topic_raw”: “General blocking framework”, “topics”: [ “General blocking framework” ], “case_type”: “Legislation / Regulation”, “name”: “Digital Services Act”, “institution”: “European Parliament and Council of the European Union”, “objective”: “To define a controlled EU framework prioritizing platform-level enforcement while limiting blocking to proportionate last-resort measures.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Hosting\nPlatform Operator\nWebsite Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Hosting”, “Platform Operator”, “Website Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “General Blocking Framework”, “dns_blocking”: false, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “The Digital Services Act does not create a new general network-blocking power. It regulates orders addressed to intermediary services and frames blocking-type measures as exceptional remedies subject to legality, proportionality and procedural safeguards.”, “result”: “For this tracker, the DSA is best understood as a general EU legal framework rather than a specific blocking regime. It reinforces that blocking orders must be targeted, lawful and compatible with fundamental rights.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022R2065”, “secondary”: “https://verfassungsblog.de/dsa-website-blocking/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-012”, “slug”: “norway-2024-oslo-tingrett-extension-continuation-of-dns-blocking-kjennelse”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 14, “time”: { “raw”: “2024”, “year”: 2024, “month”: null, “display”: “2024”, “sort_key”: 202400 }, “country”: “Norway”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / sports piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / sports piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “Oslo tingrett – Extension/continuation of DNS blocking (Kjennelse)”, “institution”: “Oslo tingrett”, “objective”: “To prolong DNS blocking of Premier League piracy sites in Norway for a further multi-year period.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “DNS Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nBroadcaster\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “DNS Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “Broadcaster”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Live / Real-Time Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “The 2024 Oslo tingrett order continues Norway’s court-based DNS blocking regime for sports-piracy sites. It builds on the earlier 2018 Premier League blocking order and extends the duration of the injunction.”, “result”: “The court prolonged the existing blocking obligations against named sports-piracy services for a further period. The result is continuity of the Norwegian DNS-blocking model for live sports piracy.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://block-No.altibox.net/2024-02-26_Kjennelse_.pdf”, “secondary”: “https://www.internetsociety.org/resources/policybriefs/2025/perspectives-on-internet-blocking-and-filtering/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-013”, “slug”: “spain-2024-sjm-b-309-2024-ecli-es-jmb-2024-309-laliga-liga-nacional-de-futbol-profesional-and-telefonica-audiovisual-digital-s-l-u-“, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 15, “time”: { “raw”: “2024”, “year”: 2024, “month”: null, “display”: “2024”, “sort_key”: 202400 }, “country”: “Spain”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / sports piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / sports piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “SJM B 309/2024 – ECLI:ES:JMB:2024:309- LaLiga (Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional) and Telefónica Audiovisual Digital S.L.U. (Movistar+) v Central Spanish Telecommunications Providers (including Telefónica/Movistar, Vodafone, Orange/MásOrange, DIGI)”, “institution”: “Juzgado de lo Mercantil No. 6, Barcelona”, “objective”: “To enable dynamic IP blocking during live football matches against piracy infrastructure used for unauthorized streams.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nHosting\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nBroadcaster\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Hosting”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “Broadcaster”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: “Shared-IP enforcement reportedly took down thousands of lawful websites/apps hosted on Cloudflare and other CDNs, with reported examples including X, GitHub, Steam, Vimeo and the RAE website.”, “has_collateral_damage”: true, “blocking_type”: “Live / Real-Time Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: false, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “The Barcelona commercial court case concerned unauthorized live football transmissions distributed through online piracy infrastructure. The right holders sought dynamic IP blocking against access to infringing streams, particularly during live matches.”, “result”: “The court allowed IP blocking and permitted the blocking list to be updated over time during live events. This is a key example of dynamic sports-piracy blocking in Spain.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.redes-sociales.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/sentencia-bloqueos-ips-laliga-SJM_B_309_2024.pdf”, “secondary”: “https://www.medianama.com/2025/06/223-la-liga-vs-cloudflare-piracy-court-order/”, “collateral_damage”: “https://www.techradar.com/vpn/vpn-privacy-security/la-ligas-war-on-piracy-is-breaking-the-internet-in-spain-and-your-vpn-could-be-the-next-target” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: “Legal Basis for Spain’s Blocking Practices”, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-014”, “slug”: “france-2023-arcep-avis-2023-0357-article-6-3-of-the-lcen-loi-pour-la-confiance-dans-l-economie-numerique”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 16, “time”: { “raw”: “2023”, “year”: 2023, “month”: null, “display”: “2023”, “sort_key”: 202300 }, “country”: “France”, “topic_raw”: “CSAM / unlawful / Prohibited content”, “topics”: [ “CSAM / unlawful / Prohibited content” ], “case_type”: “Legislation / Regulation”, “name”: “ARCEP Avis 2023-0357 /Article 6-3 of the LCEN (Loi pour la confiance dans l’écoNomie numérique)”, “institution”: “ARCEP”, “objective”: “To create an administrative follow-on mechanism for blocking mirror sites after an initial court order.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Dynamic Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “ARCEP’s opinion addressed a draft decree implementing Article 6-3 LCEN on administrative follow-on blocking of mirror sites. The mechanism allows administrative action after a court has already ordered blocking of the main illegal service.”, “result”: “The mechanism enables faster blocking of mirror or replica services without starting a full new court procedure each time. It strengthens France’s administrative follow-up model for websites that reappear after judicial blocking.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000048108146”, “secondary”: “https://www.coe.int/rm/web/commissioner/-/le-blocage-arbitraire-d-internet-porte-atteinte-a-la-liberte-d-expression”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: “A key component of administratively enforced mirror site blocking: rather than issuing a new, original court-ordered block for each individual mirror site, the system relies on a mechanism that builds upon an existing court order.”, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-015”, “slug”: “italy-2023-agcom-piracy-shield-dynamic-lock-platform”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 17, “time”: { “raw”: “2023”, “year”: 2023, “month”: null, “display”: “2023”, “sort_key”: 202300 }, “country”: “Italy”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / sports piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / sports piracy” ], “case_type”: “Administrative Measure”, “name”: “AGCOM – Piracy Shield (Dynamic Lock Platform)”, “institution”: “AGCOM”, “objective”: “To operationalize a centralized dynamic DNS/IP blocking platform for live piracy under AGCOM orders.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nDNS Provider\nHosting\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nBroadcaster\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “DNS Provider”, “Hosting”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “Broadcaster”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: “Piracy Shield has been reported to overblock lawful domains; later studies/media accounts say thousands of legitimate domains, including some Google-hosted services, were affected.”, “has_collateral_damage”: true, “blocking_type”: “Live / Real-Time Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “Piracy Shield is Italy’s centralized platform for rapid DNS and IP blocking of live piracy. It allows right holders to submit blocking requests for infringing live content, which are then processed and transmitted to providers for implementation.”, “result”: “The platform became operational in February 2024 and created an automated route for real-time blocking orders. It is one of the most developed European examples of centralized DNS/IP live-piracy blocking.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.agcom.it/competenze/antipirateria-e-piracy-shield/piattaforma-piracy-shield?utm_source=chatgpt.com”, “secondary”: “https://digitalpolicyalert.org/change/15712-communications-regulatory-authority-amended-online-copyright-regulations-expanding-piracy-shield-scope-for-dynamic-injunctions-over-live-and-audiovisual-content-resolution-20925cons”, “collateral_damage”: “https://labs.ripe.net/author/antonio-prado/live-event-blocking-at-scale-effectiveness-vs-collateral-damage-in-italys-piracy-shield/” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-016”, “slug”: “germany-2023-sony-music-vs-quad9-oberlandesgericht-dresden-az-14-u-503-23”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 18, “time”: { “raw”: “2023”, “year”: 2023, “month”: null, “display”: “2023”, “sort_key”: 202300 }, “country”: “Germany”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “Sony Music vs. Quad9 / Oberlandesgericht Dresden (Az. 14 U 503/23)”, “institution”: “Higher Regional Court of Dresden”, “objective”: “To limit DNS-resolver liability by rejecting blocking duties for a neutral public resolver Not hosting or transmitting content.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “DNS Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “DNS Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Intermediary Liability / Responsibility”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “The Sony Music v Quad9 case concerned whether a public DNS resolver could be required to block domain resolution for a site allegedly linking to copyright-infringing content. Quad9 argued that it was a neutral DNS infrastructure provider.”, “result”: “The Higher Regional Court of Dresden ruled in favour of Quad9 and lifted the blocking order. The case limits attempts to impose copyright blocking duties on independent public DNS resolvers in Germany.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://medien-internet-und-recht.de/pdf/VT-MIR-2024-Dok-009.pdf”, “secondary”: “https://freiheitsrechte.org/en/themen/demokratie/quad9-eng”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-017”, “slug”: “france-2022-arcom-study-impact-du-blocage-sport”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 19, “time”: { “raw”: “2022”, “year”: 2022, “month”: null, “display”: “2022”, “sort_key”: 202200 }, “country”: “France”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / sports piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / sports piracy” ], “case_type”: “Study / Report”, “name”: “ARCOM study: Impact du blocage (sport)”, “institution”: “ARCOM”, “objective”: “To evaluate the effectiveness of French sports-piracy blocking and support rapid updates under the Code du sport regime.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nBroadcaster\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “Broadcaster”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Live / Real-Time Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “The ARCOM study assesses the effectiveness of French blocking measures against illegal sports streaming services. It provides empirical support for the French model of rapid blocking and intermediary cooperation in sports piracy cases.”, “result”: “The study supports the view that France has a comparatively formalized and data-driven sports-blocking regime. It is evidence-oriented rather than a blocking order itself.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.arcom.fr/se-documenter/etudes-et-donnees/etudes-bilans-et-rapports-de-larcom/impact-du-blocage-des-services-illicites-de-sport-rapport-detude-quantitative”, “secondary”: “https://www.lemonde.fr/en/summer-reads/article/2025/08/14/hackers-versus-sports-broadcasters-a-tight-match-to-win-over-viewers_6744386_183.html”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: “France established an intermediary-based blocking and delisting model early on that goes beyond traditional access provider blocks.”, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-018”, “slug”: “germany-2022-germany-federal-court-of-justice-dns-blocking-i-zr-111-21”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 20, “time”: { “raw”: “2022”, “year”: 2022, “month”: null, “display”: “2022”, “sort_key”: 202200 }, “country”: “Germany”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “Germany – Federal Court of Justice \”DNS blocking\” (I ZR 111/21)”, “institution”: “Federal Court of Justice (BGH)”, “objective”: “To clarify that DNS/IP blocking is permissible only as an ultima-ratio remedy after actions against operators and hosts fail.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “DNS Provider\nHosting\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “DNS Provider”, “Hosting”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Service-Provider Enforcement”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “The BGH case concerned claims by academic publishers against Deutsche Telekom for access-provider blocking of Sci-Hub and LibGen. The issue was when DNS or IP blocking may be required from an access provider.”, “result”: “The BGH held that access-provider blocking is possible only as a last resort. Rights holders must first make reasonable efforts against the website operator or host before seeking DNS/IP blocking from an ISP.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://juris.bundesgerichtshof.de/cgi-bin/bgh_Notp/document.py?Art=en&Datum=2022&Gericht=bgh&Seite=37&Sort=2062&anz=2726&nr=82388&pos=1133”, “secondary”: “https://www.brak.de/newsroom/news/sperren-bleiben-das-letzte-mittel/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-019”, “slug”: “eu-2022-eu-regulation-2022-350-rt-sputnik”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 21, “time”: { “raw”: “2022”, “year”: 2022, “month”: null, “display”: “2022”, “sort_key”: 202200 }, “country”: “EU”, “topic_raw”: “Sanctions / state media”, “topics”: [ “Sanctions / state media” ], “case_type”: “Legislation / Regulation”, “name”: “EU Regulation 2022/350 (RT/Sputnik)”, “institution”: “Council of the European Union”, “objective”: “To prohibit EU-wide transmission and online distribution of Russian state media RT and Sputnik under sanctions law.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Broadcaster\nPlatform Operator\nWebsite Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Broadcaster”, “Platform Operator”, “Website Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Service-Provider Enforcement”, “dns_blocking”: false, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “Council Regulation (EU) 2022/350 restricted the broadcasting and distribution of RT and Sputnik content in response to Russia’s aggression against Ukraine. The measure covers transmission and facilitation across multiple distribution channels.”, “result”: “The regulation prohibits transmission or facilitation of RT and Sputnik content within the EU. In practice, it led to platform, media-distribution and network-level access restrictions rather than a classic copyright-style site-blocking order.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022R0350&from=DE”, “secondary”: “https://verfassungsblog.de/uberwachen-blocken-delisten/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-020”, “slug”: “france-2022-dynamic-blocking-for-illegal-live-sports-streams”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 22, “time”: { “raw”: “2022”, “year”: 2022, “month”: null, “display”: “2022”, “sort_key”: 202200 }, “country”: “France”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / sports piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / sports piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “Dynamic blocking for illegal live sports streams”, “institution”: “Judicial orders requested by rightsholders / ARCOM framework”, “objective”: “Rapidly disrupt unlawful live retransmission of sports events”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nBroadcaster\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “Broadcaster”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Live / Real-Time Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “Dynamic blocking for illegal live sports streams is a blocking measure/regime in France. It is based on Code du sport, Article L333-10. Enforcement route: Judicial orders requested by rightsholders / ARCOM framework. Primary targets are Illegal streaming sites and mirror services for sports events. Technical note: Designed for rapidly updated blocks during or around live events.”, “result”: “Current article version is in force from 4 March 2022.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000044247629/”, “secondary”: “https://www.arcom.fr/presse/blocage-de-sites-terroristes-et-pedoporNographiques-transfert-de-la-competence-larcom-et-publication-par-la-cnil-du-rapport-dactivite-2021-de-la-personnalite-qualifiee”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-021”, “slug”: “germany-2021-clearing-body-for-copyright-on-the-internet-cuii”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 23, “time”: { “raw”: “2021”, “year”: 2021, “month”: null, “display”: “2021”, “sort_key”: 202100 }, “country”: “Germany”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Co-regulatory / Cooperative Measure”, “name”: “clearing body for copyright on the internet (CUII)”, “institution”: “CUII”, “objective”: “To coordinate DNS blocking of structurally infringing copyright websites by German ISPs through the CUII process.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nDNS Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser\nIndustry / Civil Society Body”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “DNS Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User”, “Industry / Civil Society Body” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Cooperative / Voluntary Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “CUII is a German industry clearing body through which right holders, access providers and DNS-related actors coordinate blocking of structurally infringing copyright websites. It operates as a voluntary/self-regulatory enforcement mechanism rather than a classic court order.”, “result”: “CUII has become an important German route for copyright site blocking, especially DNS blocking. The result is faster administrative-style blocking, but with continuing debate over transparency, judicial oversight and overblocking risks.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://cuii.info/ueber-uns/”, “secondary”: “https://Nordemann.de/en/news/copyright-and-illegal-websites-cuii-founded/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-022”, “slug”: “portugal-2021-lei-n-o-82-2021-explicit-legal-basis-for-network-blocking”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 24, “time”: { “raw”: “2021”, “year”: 2021, “month”: null, “display”: “2021”, “sort_key”: 202100 }, “country”: “Portugal”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Legislation / Regulation”, “name”: “Lei n.º 82/2021 – explicit legal basis for network blocking”, “institution”: “IGAC (Inspeção-Geral das Atividades Culturais)”, “objective”: “To establish an administrative legal basis for IGAC to order removal or access blocking of copyright-infringing content.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nHosting\nPlatform Operator\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Hosting”, “Platform Operator”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “General Blocking Framework”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “Portuguese Law No. 82/2021 creates an administrative framework for removal and access-blocking measures against copyright-infringing online services. It gives IGAC a formal role in notice-and-action and access-prevention procedures.”, “result”: “IGAC can require not only takedown but also access blocking where piracy sites remain available. The law establishes an explicit statutory basis for administrative copyright blocking in Portugal.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://diariodarepublica.pt/dr/detalhe/lei/82-2021-175129343”, “secondary”: “https://cms.law/en/prt/publication/meet-the-law-access-to-protected-content-in-the-digital-environment-law-No.-82-2021-30-November”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-023”, “slug”: “germany-2021-blocking-powers-under-glustv-2021”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 25, “time”: { “raw”: “2021”, “year”: 2021, “month”: null, “display”: “2021”, “sort_key”: 202100 }, “country”: “Germany”, “topic_raw”: “Illegal gambling”, “topics”: [ “Illegal gambling” ], “case_type”: “Legislation / Regulation”, “name”: “Blocking powers under GluStV 2021”, “institution”: “Joint Gambling Authority of the Länder / state authorities”, “objective”: “Steer players toward legal gambling and suppress illegal offers”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nGambling Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Gambling Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “General Blocking Framework”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “Blocking powers under GluStV 2021 is a blocking measure/regime in Germany. It is based on Glucksspielstaatsvertrag 2021, Section 9(1) sentence 3 No. 5. Enforcement route: Joint Gambling Authority of the Länder / state authorities. Primary targets are Illegal online gambling offers. Technical note: The current legal basis exists, but a 2025 Federal Administrative Court decision narrowed its use against access providers in at least one test case.”, “result”: “Useful to track because Germany has a live political process to rewrite the blocking basis after the 2025 court ruling.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.gluecksspiel-behoerde.de/de/fuer-gluecksspielanbieter/gesetzliche-regelungen”, “secondary”: “https://www.bverwg.de/pm/2025/17”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-024”, “slug”: “italy-2020-adm-site-blocking-lists”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 26, “time”: { “raw”: “2020”, “year”: 2020, “month”: null, “display”: “2020”, “sort_key”: 202000 }, “country”: “Italy”, “topic_raw”: “Illegal gambling”, “topics”: [ “Illegal gambling” ], “case_type”: “Administrative Measure”, “name”: “ADM site blocking lists”, “institution”: “Agenzia delle dogane e dei moNopoli (ADM)”, “objective”: “Block access to unauthorized gambling sites and other prohibited online offers in ADM-controlled sectors”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nGambling Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Gambling Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Register / Blacklist Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “ADM site blocking lists is a blocking measure/regime in Italy. It is based on Article 102 of Decree-Law 104/2020, converted by Law 126/2020. Enforcement route: Agenzia delle dogane e dei monopoli (ADM). Primary targets are Unauthorized sites in regulated ADM sectors, including gambling-related site lists. Technical note: Public ADM materials focus on site blocking lists rather than one named technical method.”, “result”: “ADM regularly publishes updated lists of sites subject to blocking.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.adm.gov.it/portale/inibizione-dei-siti-di-gioco-non-autorizzato”, “secondary”: “https://www.adm.gov.it/portale/siti-inibiti-tabacchi”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-025”, “slug”: “sweden-2020-dynamic-blocking-injunctions”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 27, “time”: { “raw”: “2020”, “year”: 2020, “month”: null, “display”: “2020”, “sort_key”: 202000 }, “country”: “Sweden”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “Dynamic blocking injunctions”, “institution”: “Patent and Market Court of Appeal; implemented by ISPs”, “objective”: “Make copyright site blocking more effective against mirror and hopping sites”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Dynamic Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “Dynamic blocking injunctions is a blocking measure/regime in Sweden. It is based on PMCA case law confirming dynamic blocking injunctions. Enforcement route: Patent and Market Court of Appeal; implemented by ISPs. Primary targets are Pirate file-sharing and streaming services plus mirrors. Technical note: The case law focuses strongly on domains, web addresses and mirror behaviour.”, “result”: “A landmark appellate ruling in 2020 established Swedish dynamic blocking doctrine.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.domstol.se/en/patent–och-marknadsoverdomstolen/patent–och-marknadsoverdomstolens-avgoranden/2020/77493/”, “secondary”: “https://legalblogs.wolterskluwer.com/copyright-blog/dynamic-blocking-injunction-confirmed-by-swedish-patent-and-market-court-of-appeal/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-026”, “slug”: “switzerland-2018-blocking-of-unlicensed-online-gambling-offers”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 28, “time”: { “raw”: “2018”, “year”: 2018, “month”: null, “display”: “2018”, “sort_key”: 201800 }, “country”: “Switzerland”, “topic_raw”: “Illegal gambling”, “topics”: [ “Illegal gambling” ], “case_type”: “Administrative Measure”, “name”: “Blocking of unlicensed online gambling offers”, “institution”: “Swiss gambling regulators (ESBK / Gespa) with ISP blocking lists”, “objective”: “Protect the licensed-only Swiss online gambling model and reduce addiction / fraud risks”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nGambling Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Gambling Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Site / Service Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “Blocking of unlicensed online gambling offers is a blocking measure/regime in Switzerland. It is based on Federal Act on Gambling / Money Gaming Act. Enforcement route: Swiss gambling regulators (ESBK / Gespa) with ISP blocking lists. Primary targets are Unlicensed online gambling providers. Technical note: Public materials focus on blacklisted domains and ISP blocking obligations.”, “result”: “The legal framework took effect in 2019, with enforcement measures becoming applicable mid-2019.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.admin.ch/en/gambling-act”, “secondary”: “https://practiceguides.chambers.com/practice-guides/gaming-law-2025/switzerland”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-027”, “slug”: “norway-2018-start-of-the-2018-sports-piracy-ban-regime-in-norway”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 29, “time”: { “raw”: “2018”, “year”: 2018, “month”: null, “display”: “2018”, “sort_key”: 201800 }, “country”: “Norway”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / sports piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / sports piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “Start of the 2018 sports piracy ban regime in Norway”, “institution”: “Oslo tingrett”, “objective”: “To establish court-ordered DNS blocking against major Premier League live-stream piracy sites in Norway.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “DNS Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nBroadcaster\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “DNS Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “Broadcaster”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Live / Real-Time Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “The 2018 Oslo tingrett order was the starting point for Norway’s court-ordered sports-piracy blocking regime. It targeted several live football and sports-streaming piracy services at the request of the Premier League.”, “result”: “Norwegian access providers were ordered to block named services such as LiveTV, EPLSite, Livefootballol and CricFree using DNS blocking. The order established the baseline model later extended in 2024.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://block-No.altibox.net/2018-06-01_Kjennelse.pdf”, “secondary”: “https://www.internetsociety.org/resources/policybriefs/2025/perspectives-on-internet-blocking-and-filtering/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: “Key point for Norway: court-ordered DNS blocking under copyright law, based on the Norwegian Copyright Act; No DPI requirement, No general surveillance, No fully automated system.”, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-028”, “slug”: “uk-2018-uk-supreme-court-in-cartier-international-ag-v-british-telecommunications-plc-and-others”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 30, “time”: { “raw”: “2018”, “year”: 2018, “month”: null, “display”: “2018”, “sort_key”: 201800 }, “country”: “UK”, “topic_raw”: “Trademark / blocking”, “topics”: [ “Trademark / blocking” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “UK Supreme Court in Cartier International AG v. British Telecommunications plc and Others”, “institution”: “Supreme Court of the United Kingdom”, “objective”: “To extend blocking injunctions to trademark and counterfeit websites and clarify courts’ power and cost allocation.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Site / Service Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “Cartier concerned blocking injunctions against ISPs to prevent access to websites selling counterfeit goods. The case was important because it involved trade marks rather than copyright.”, “result”: “The UK Supreme Court confirmed that courts have jurisdiction to order ISP blocking for trade-mark infringement even without an express statutory blocking provision. It also addressed who should bear the costs of implementation.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/uksc-2016-0159”, “secondary”: “https://www.fieldfisher.com/en/services/intellectual-property/intellectual-property-blog/cartier-supreme-court-decision-blocking-injunctions-who-pays-for-implementation”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-029”, “slug”: “eu-2017-ecj-c-610-15-brein-v-ziggo-xs4all”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 31, “time”: { “raw”: “2017”, “year”: 2017, “month”: null, “display”: “2017”, “sort_key”: 201700 }, “country”: “EU”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “ECJ C-610/15 Brein v Ziggo/XS4ALL”, “institution”: “ECJ”, “objective”: “To recognize The Pirate Bay as making works publicly available, supporting intermediary blocking orders.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nPlatform Operator\nRights Holder\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Platform Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Intermediary Liability / Responsibility”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “The CJEU case addressed whether The Pirate Bay itself communicated works to the public by indexing, organizing and promoting torrent links. The case did Not impose a blocking order directly, but strengthened the legal basis for blocking injunctions against platforms of this type.”, “result”: “The Court held that operating and knowingly facilitating a platform such as The Pirate Bay can amount to communication to the public. This made blocking and enforcement against such platforms easier under EU copyright law.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?docid=195233&doclang=EN”, “secondary”: “https://acr.amsterdam/nl/ecj-database/c-610-15”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-030”, “slug”: “greece-2017-edppi-greece-live-site-blocking-administrative-orders-art-66e”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 32, “time”: { “raw”: “2017”, “year”: 2017, “month”: null, “display”: “2017”, “sort_key”: 201700 }, “country”: “Greece”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright”, “topics”: [ “Copyright” ], “case_type”: “Administrative Measure”, “name”: “EDPPI (Greece) – live/site-blocking administrative orders (Art. 66E)”, “institution”: “EDPPI / Hellenic Copyright Organization (OPI)”, “objective”: “To provide rights holders with a fast administrative route for domain and IP blocking against online copyright infringements.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nHosting\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Hosting”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Live / Real-Time Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “Greece’s EDPPI regime provides an administrative route for rapid blocking of copyright-infringing online services, including live piracy. The procedure can cover both domain and IP blocking and is designed to avoid lengthy court proceedings.”, “result”: “Rights holders can obtain fast administrative blocking orders without first going through a full court process. The model is particularly relevant for live events and repeat piracy services.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.edppi.gr/information_en”, “secondary”: “https://www.jipitec.eu/jipitec/article/view/227”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-031”, “slug”: “poland-2017-ministerstwo-finansow-blacklist-regime”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 33, “time”: { “raw”: “2017”, “year”: 2017, “month”: null, “display”: “2017”, “sort_key”: 201700 }, “country”: “Poland”, “topic_raw”: “Illegal gambling”, “topics”: [ “Illegal gambling” ], “case_type”: “Administrative Measure”, “name”: “Ministerstwo Finansów – Blacklist Regime”, “institution”: “Polish Ministry of Finance”, “objective”: “To maintain a public gambling-domain register and require ISPs to block listed sites within 48 hours.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nGambling Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Gambling Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Register / Blacklist Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “Poland’s Ministry of Finance maintains a register of domains offering online gambling in Poland without the required licence. Listed domains are used to trigger access restrictions and user redirect Notices.”, “result”: “The register creates a blacklist-based blocking system for unlicensed gambling services. Users attempting to access listed domains can be redirected to an official Notice page.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.gov.pl/web/finanse/rejestr-domen-sluzacych-do-oferowania-gier-hazardowych-niezgodnie-z-ustawa”, “secondary”: “https://www.internetsociety.org/resources/policybriefs/2025/perspectives-on-internet-blocking-and-filtering/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-032”, “slug”: “czech-republic-2017-state-ordered-network-blocking-in-the-czech-republic-to-enforce-national-gambling-regulation”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 34, “time”: { “raw”: “2017”, “year”: 2017, “month”: null, “display”: “2017”, “sort_key”: 201700 }, “country”: “Czech Republic”, “topic_raw”: “Illegal gambling”, “topics”: [ “Illegal gambling” ], “case_type”: “Administrative Measure”, “name”: “State-ordered network blocking in the Czech Republic to enforce national gambling regulation”, “institution”: “CTU (Český telekomunikační úřad – Czech Telecommunications Authority)”, “objective”: “To enforce national gambling licensing by requiring ISPs to block listed illegal websites, accounts or apps.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nGambling Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Gambling Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Register / Blacklist Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “The Czech gambling regime relies on a public register of illegal online gambling services maintained by the Ministry of Finance. The register may cover URLs, domains and IP addresses connected to unlicensed gambling offers.”, “result”: “Internet access providers must block access within a statutory period after a service is entered in the register. The model is a register-based URL/domain/IP blocking regime.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://ctu.gov.cz/en/press-release-blocking-illegal-gambling-shall-be-responsibility-access-providers”, “secondary”: “https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1089/glr2.2017.2155”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-033”, “slug”: “sweden-2017-pmod-pmt-11706-15-pmod-2017-1-blocking-tpb-and-swefilmer”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 35, “time”: { “raw”: “2017”, “year”: 2017, “month”: null, “display”: “2017”, “sort_key”: 201700 }, “country”: “Sweden”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “PMÖD PMT 11706-15 (PMÖD 2017:1) – Blocking TPB & Swefilmer”, “institution”: “Patent and Market Court of Appeal (PMÖD)”, “objective”: “To order targeted, time-limited blocking of The Pirate Bay and Swefilmer under EU copyright intermediary rules.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Site / Service Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “The Swedish Patent and Market Court of Appeal required an ISP to block access to The Pirate Bay and Swefilmer. The case concerned implementation of Article 8(3) of the InfoSoc Directive in Swedish copyright law.”, “result”: “The decision confirmed that Swedish courts can order intermediaries such as ISPs to block access to copyright-infringing services. It became a key Swedish precedent for court-ordered website blocking.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.domstol.se/patent–och-marknadsoverdomstolen/patent–och-marknadsoverdomstolens-avgoranden/2017/59538/”, “secondary”: “https://academic.oup.com/jiplp/article/12/5/368/3738867”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “not_in_force”, “status_label”: “Not in force”, “comment”: “https://www.domstol.se/patent–och-marknadsoverdomstolen/patent–och-marknadsoverdomstolens-avgoranden/2017/59538/”, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-034”, “slug”: “lithuania-2016-illegal-online-gambling-blacklist”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 36, “time”: { “raw”: “2016”, “year”: 2016, “month”: null, “display”: “2016”, “sort_key”: 201600 }, “country”: “Lithuania”, “topic_raw”: “Illegal gambling”, “topics”: [ “Illegal gambling” ], “case_type”: “Administrative Measure”, “name”: “Illegal online gambling blacklist”, “institution”: “Gaming Control Authority”, “objective”: “Block unlicensed gambling offers and protect the regulated market”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nGambling Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Gambling Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Register / Blacklist Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “Illegal online gambling blacklist is a Lithuania blocking measure/regime. It is based on Gaming Law of the Republic of Lithuania. Enforcement route: Gaming Control Authority. Primary targets are Illegal online gambling operators and domains. Technical Note: Official materials pair DNS blocking with payment blocking..”, “result”: “The blacklist is updated regularly and remains a live enforcement tool.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://lpt.lrv.lt/en/news/updated-list-of-illegal-online-gaming-operators/”, “secondary”: “https://www.gamblinginsider.com/news/30141/lithuanian-control-authority-blacklist-reaches-1910-domains”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-035”, “slug”: “france-2015-loi-pour-la-confiance-dans-l-economie-numerique-lcen-supplement-article-6-1-decret-2015-125”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 37, “time”: { “raw”: “2015”, “year”: 2015, “month”: null, “display”: “2015”, “sort_key”: 201500 }, “country”: “France”, “topic_raw”: “CSAM\nTerrorism”, “topics”: [ “CSAM”, “Terrorism” ], “case_type”: “Legislation / Regulation”, “name”: “Loi pour la confiance dans l’écoNomie numérique (LCEN) – Supplement Article 6-1 / Décret 2015-125”, “institution”: “OCLCTIC / French Ministry of Interior”, “objective”: “To empower French authorities to order administrative blocking of CSAM and terrorist content without prior court orders.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “General Blocking Framework”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “Article 6-1 LCEN and Decree 2015-125 establish an administrative blocking mechanism for terrorist content and child sexual abuse material in France. OCLCTIC and the Ministry of Interior coordinate the blocking requests sent to providers.”, “result”: “The decree sets out how administrative access blocking is implemented in practice. It is a continuing French legal basis for blocking CSAM and terrorist content outside ordinary civil copyright proceedings.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000030195477”, “secondary”: “https://www.coe.int/rm/web/commissioner/-/le-blocage-arbitraire-d-internet-porte-atteinte-a-la-liberte-d-expression”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: “Administrative Suspension Order (LCEN Art. 6‑1)”, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-036”, “slug”: “germany-2015-1-26-bgh-i-zr-3-14-and-i-zr-174-14”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 38, “time”: { “raw”: “2015”, “year”: 2015, “month”: null, “display”: “2015”, “sort_key”: 201500 }, “country”: “Germany”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / intermediary liability”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / intermediary liability” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “1-26 BGH I ZR 3/14 & I ZR 174/14”, “institution”: “BGH”, “objective”: “To define when access-provider blocking can be required under interference liability, subject to strict proportionality and subsidiarity.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nHosting\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Hosting”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Intermediary Liability / Responsibility”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “The BGH cases addressed whether German access providers can be liable as interferers and required to block copyright-infringing websites when direct action against operators or hosts is ineffective.”, “result”: “The BGH accepted access-provider blocking in principle but set strict conditions. Blocking is available only after reasonable prior steps against more direct infringers have failed and proportionality is respected.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.bundesgerichtshof.de/SharedDocs/Entscheidungen/DE/Zivilsenate/I_ZS/2014/I_ZR_174-14.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2”, “secondary”: “https://www.lto.de/recht/hintergruende/h/bgh-i-zr-3-14-174-14-access-provider-haftung-netzsperren-gema”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: “Opens the door to access provider blocking”, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-037”, “slug”: “germany-2015-bgh-i-zr-3-14”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 39, “time”: { “raw”: “2015”, “year”: 2015, “month”: null, “display”: “2015”, “sort_key”: 201500 }, “country”: “Germany”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “BGH I ZR 3/14”, “institution”: “BGH”, “objective”: “To test provider blocking for Goldesel.to and emphasize that prior action against site operators and hosts is required.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nHosting\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Hosting”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Intermediary Liability / Responsibility”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “The Goldesel.to case tested whether an access provider had to block a website linking extensively to illegal downloads. The key question was whether the rights holders had first pursued the website operator and hosting provider sufficiently.”, “result”: “The BGH rejected a blocking obligation in this specific case. The rights holders had not sufficiently exhausted more direct enforcement options, so access-provider blocking was not yet proportionate.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://juris.bundesgerichtshof.de/cgi-bin/bgh_Notp/document.py?Art=en&Blank=1&Datum=2015-11-26&Gericht=bgh&anz=19&nr=37939&pos=16”, “secondary”: “https://www.offenenetze.de/2015/11/27/access-provider-und-netzsperren-eine-erste-analyse-zu-bgh-3dl-am-und-goldesel/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: “Opens the door to access provider blocking”, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-038”, “slug”: “portugal-2015-self-regulation-cooperation-agreement-on-the”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 40, “time”: { “raw”: “2015”, “year”: 2015, “month”: null, “display”: “2015”, “sort_key”: 201500 }, “country”: “Portugal”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Co-regulatory / Cooperative Measure”, “name”: “Self-Regulation/Cooperation Agreement on the”, “institution”: “IGAC / MAPiNET / APRITEL / DNS.PT”, “objective”: “To accelerate copyright site blocking through voluntary cooperation between IGAC, ISPs and rights holders.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nDomain Name Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nPublic Authority\nIndustry / Civil Society Body”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Domain Name Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “Public Authority”, “Industry / Civil Society Body” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Cooperative / Voluntary Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “Portugal’s 2015 voluntary agreement is an out-of-court cooperation model for copyright website blocking. Rights holders report suspected infringing sites to MAPiNET, which coordinates with IGAC, access providers and DNS.PT.”, “result”: “The model enables relatively fast blocking without a full court case. It is an example of domain-focused enforcement cooperation between right holders, public bodies and internet intermediaries.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.pt.pt/en/news/memorandum-combating-piracy-and-infringement-of-copyright-and-related-rights-online/”, “secondary”: “https://edri.org/our-work/portugal-voluntary-agreement-copyright-infringements/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-039”, “slug”: “romania-2015-onjn-blacklist-blocking-of-unlicensed-gambling-sites”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 41, “time”: { “raw”: “2015”, “year”: 2015, “month”: null, “display”: “2015”, “sort_key”: 201500 }, “country”: “Romania”, “topic_raw”: “Illegal gambling”, “topics”: [ “Illegal gambling” ], “case_type”: “Administrative Measure”, “name”: “ONJN – Blacklist/Blocking of Unlicensed Gambling Sites”, “institution”: “ONJN (Romanian National Gambling Office)”, “objective”: “To block access from Romania to unlicensed online gambling sites through an administrative blacklist sent to ISPs.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nGambling Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Gambling Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Register / Blacklist Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “Romania’s ONJN regime uses administrative decisions and a blacklist to restrict access to unlicensed online gambling websites. The blacklist is communicated to internet service providers for implementation against users in Romania.”, “result”: “The practical result is administrative website blocking of unlicensed gambling operators. The row should be treated as a regulatory blacklist model rather than a court-based blocking injunction.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://onjn.gov.ro/”, “secondary”: “https://www.wired.com/beyond-the-beyond/2015/08/latest-edri-gram-24”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-040”, “slug”: “portugal-2015-srij-blocking-of-unauthorized-online-gambling-sites”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 42, “time”: { “raw”: “2015”, “year”: 2015, “month”: null, “display”: “2015”, “sort_key”: 201500 }, “country”: “Portugal”, “topic_raw”: “Illegal gambling”, “topics”: [ “Illegal gambling” ], “case_type”: “Administrative Measure”, “name”: “SRIJ blocking of unauthorized online gambling sites”, “institution”: “SRIJ / ISPs”, “objective”: “Prevent access to unauthorized online gambling and protect the licensed market”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nGambling Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Gambling Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Site / Service Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “SRIJ blocking of unauthorized online gambling sites is a Portugal blocking measure/regime. It is based on Decree-Law 66/2015 and the Portuguese online gambling framework. Enforcement route: SRIJ / ISPs. Primary targets are Unauthorized online gambling websites. Technical Note: Public materials emphasize cooperation with ISPs and scale of blocked sites rather than a single technical modality..”, “result”: “Reported public blocking programme has been operating since 2015.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.srij.turismodeportugal.pt/pt”, “secondary”: “https://iclg.com/briefing/22426-enforcing-the-odds-portugal-s-measures-against-illegal-gambling-operations”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-041”, “slug”: “eu-2014-upc-telekabel-wien-c-314-12”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 43, “time”: { “raw”: “2014”, “year”: 2014, “month”: null, “display”: “2014”, “sort_key”: 201400 }, “country”: “EU”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “UPC Telekabel Wien (C-314/12)”, “institution”: “ECJ”, “objective”: “To establish EU-level legality of access-provider website blocking subject to proportionality, user rights and No general monitoring.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Site / Service Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “UPC Telekabel concerned whether a court can order an access provider to block customer access to a copyright-infringing website even where the provider has No contractual relationship with the infringing site.”, “result”: “The CJEU held that website blocking can be lawful if it strikes a fair balance between copyright protection, business freedom and users’ freedom of information. The case is a foundational EU authority for access-provider blocking.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62012CJ0314”, “secondary”: “https://www.jipitec.eu/jipitec/article/view/141”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: “Grundlagenentscheidung für DNS/IP‑Blocking”, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-042”, “slug”: “ireland-2014-ireland-garda-blocking-initiative”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 44, “time”: { “raw”: “2014”, “year”: 2014, “month”: null, “display”: “2014”, “sort_key”: 201400 }, “country”: “Ireland”, “topic_raw”: “CSAM”, “topics”: [ “CSAM” ], “case_type”: “Co-regulatory / Cooperative Measure”, “name”: “Ireland (Garda Blocking Initiative)”, “institution”: “An Garda Síochána”, “objective”: “To voluntarily block access to CSAM domains via police-maintained lists implemented by participating Irish ISPs.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Cooperative / Voluntary Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “The Garda Blocking Initiative is a voluntary, police-coordinated Irish blocking model targeting access to child sexual abuse material. Participating ISPs implement blocking based on lists supplied through law-enforcement cooperation.”, “result”: “The initiative operates on a voluntary basis but appears to have broad ISP participation. It is best categorized as a self-regulatory or administrative CSAM blocking model.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.garda.ie/en/about-us/our-departments/office-of-corporate-communications/press-releases/2014/november/an-garda-siochana-sign-mou-with-upc-on-the-restriction-of-child-sexual-abuse-material-online.html”, “secondary”: “https://edri.org/our-work/irish_isp_introduces_blocking/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-043”, “slug”: “latvia-2014-iaui-blacklist-regime-available-online”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 45, “time”: { “raw”: “2014”, “year”: 2014, “month”: null, “display”: “2014”, “sort_key”: 201400 }, “country”: “Latvia”, “topic_raw”: “Illegal gambling”, “topics”: [ “Illegal gambling” ], “case_type”: “Administrative Measure”, “name”: “IAUI Blacklist Regime; available online”, “institution”: “Latvian State Regulatory Authority for Lotteries and Gaming”, “objective”: “To prevent access to unlicensed gambling websites through a regulator-maintained blacklist and ISP blocking obligations.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nGambling Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Gambling Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Register / Blacklist Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “Latvia’s IAUI regime uses a public blacklist of unlicensed interactive gambling websites. Internet providers are required or expected to restrict access to listed services, including through domain and potentially IP-based measures.”, “result”: “Since 2014, Latvia has blocked access to unlicensed online gambling platforms. The model is similar to other Baltic gambling blacklists and remains an administrative domain/IP blocking regime.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.iaui.gov.lv/lv/jaunums/izlozu-un-azartspelu-uzraudzibas-inspekcija-publice-2024gada-1ceturksna-azartspelu-tirgus-rezultatus”, “secondary”: “https://www.internetsociety.org/resources/policybriefs/2025/perspectives-on-internet-blocking-and-filtering/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-044”, “slug”: “belgium-2013-the-pirate-bay-hof-van-cassatie-p-13-0551-n”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 46, “time”: { “raw”: “2013”, “year”: 2013, “month”: null, “display”: “2013”, “sort_key”: 201300 }, “country”: “Belgium”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “The-Pirate-Bay-/Hof van Cassatie P.13.0551.N”, “institution”: “Hof van Cassatie / Court of Cassation of Belgium”, “objective”: “To confirm that Belgian ISPs may be ordered to block websites systematically facilitating copyright infringement.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Site / Service Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “The Belgian Pirate Bay case concerned whether ISPs could be required to block access to The Pirate Bay. The case focused on systematic website blocking as a copyright enforcement measure against a well-kNown piracy platform.”, “result”: “The Court of Cassation confirmed that internet access providers can be ordered to block websites that facilitate copyright infringement. The decision is a Belgian precedent for DNS-based Pirate Bay blocking.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=e455bafd-cf8a-46f4-a50e-ba1395528c17”, “secondary”: “https://wilmap.stanford.edu/entries/supreme-court-criminal-belgacom-sanv-scarlet-sanv-pirate-bay-case-ii-p130551n1-october-22”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: “Landmark ruling on the legality of network blocks (DNS blocks) against websites with illegal content”, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-045”, “slug”: “eu-2012-sabam-and-netlog”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 47, “time”: { “raw”: “2012”, “year”: 2012, “month”: null, “display”: “2012”, “sort_key”: 201200 }, “country”: “EU”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / intermediary liability”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / intermediary liability” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “SABAM & Netlog”, “institution”: “ECJ”, “objective”: “To reject mandatory preventive upload filtering and general monitoring obligations for hosting and social platforms.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Platform Operator\nHosting\nRights Holder\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Platform Operator”, “Hosting”, “Rights Holder”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Intermediary Liability / Responsibility”, “dns_blocking”: false, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “SABAM v Netlog concerned a request to require a social network to install a preventive filtering system for user uploads. The requested measure would have monitored content broadly to detect copyright infringement.”, “result”: “The CJEU rejected the proposed general filtering obligation. It found that such preventive filtering would conflict with EU rules against general monitoring and could undermine privacy, data protection and freedom of information.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-360/10”, “secondary”: “https://www.lexgo.be/en/news-and-articles/1086-sabam-denied-netlog-filtering-demand-by-ecj”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-046”, “slug”: “eu-2012-scarlet-extended-sa-scarlet-v-societe-belge-des-auteurs-compositeurs-et-editeurs-scrl-sabam”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 48, “time”: { “raw”: “2012”, “year”: 2012, “month”: null, “display”: “2012”, “sort_key”: 201200 }, “country”: “EU”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / intermediary liability”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / intermediary liability” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “Scarlet Extended SA (Scarlet) v Société belge des auteurs, compositeurs et éditeurs SCRL (SABAM)”, “institution”: “ECJ”, “objective”: “To prohibit blanket ISP filtering of all traffic to prevent peer-to-peer copyright infringement.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nRights Holder\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Rights Holder”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Intermediary Liability / Responsibility”, “dns_blocking”: false, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “Scarlet Extended concerned a demand that an ISP install a general filtering system across its network to prevent peer-to-peer copyright infringement. The measure would have required systematic monitoring of all customer traffic.”, “result”: “The CJEU held that ISPs cannot be required to operate a general and indefinite filtering system. The decision is a key EU limit on DPI-style or blanket network filtering obligations.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-70/10”, “secondary”: “https://edri.org/our-work/edrigramnumber9-8self-regulation-sabam-scarlet-case/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-047”, “slug”: “denmark-2012-court-approved-blocking-of-illegal-gambling-sites”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 49, “time”: { “raw”: “2012”, “year”: 2012, “month”: null, “display”: “2012”, “sort_key”: 201200 }, “country”: “Denmark”, “topic_raw”: “Illegal gambling”, “topics”: [ “Illegal gambling” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “Court-approved blocking of illegal gambling sites”, “institution”: “Danish Gambling Authority seeks court orders; telecom providers implement”, “objective”: “Prevent access to unlicensed gambling offers”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nGambling Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Gambling Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Site / Service Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “Court-approved blocking of illegal gambling sites is a Denmark blocking measure/regime. It is based on Danish Gambling Act enforcement practice. Enforcement route: Danish Gambling Authority seeks court orders; telecom providers implement. Primary targets are Illegal gambling websites. Technical Note: The regulator explicitly describes the method as a DNS blocker..”, “result”: “The authority states that systematic website blocking has been used since 2012.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.spillemyndigheden.dk/en/news/danish-gambling-authority-blocks-178-illegal-gambling-sites”, “secondary”: “https://www.gcauthority.com/news/889-denmark-blocks-178-igaming-sites-in-broadest-ever-enforcement”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-048”, “slug”: “ireland-2012-isp-injunctions-under-section-40-5a”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 50, “time”: { “raw”: “2012”, “year”: 2012, “month”: null, “display”: “2012”, “sort_key”: 201200 }, “country”: “Ireland”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “ISP injunctions under Section 40(5A)”, “institution”: “High Court injunctions against ISPs”, “objective”: “Protect copyright online, including live sports broadcasts”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nBroadcaster\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “Broadcaster”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Live / Real-Time Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “ISP injunctions under Section 40(5A) is a Ireland blocking measure/regime. It is based on European Union (Copyright and Related Rights) Regulations 2012 and Copyright and Related Rights Act 2000, Section 40(5A). Enforcement route: High Court injunctions against ISPs. Primary targets are Piracy sites and live illicit streaming sources. Technical Note: Irish courts have used Section 40(5A) for both site blocks and live blocking orders keyed to IP addresses..”, “result”: “Domestic legal basis was put in place in 2012; later case law expanded practical use.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/59/made/en/print”, “secondary”: “https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2000/act/28/section/40/enacted/en/html”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-049”, “slug”: “estonia-2011-emta-blacklist-regime”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 51, “time”: { “raw”: “2011”, “year”: 2011, “month”: null, “display”: “2011”, “sort_key”: 201100 }, “country”: “Estonia”, “topic_raw”: “Illegal gambling”, “topics”: [ “Illegal gambling” ], “case_type”: “Administrative Measure”, “name”: “EMTA – Blacklist Regime”, “institution”: “EMTA (Estonian Tax and Customs Authority)”, “objective”: “To require blocking of unlicensed gambling domains and server addresses through an official public blacklist.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nGambling Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Gambling Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Register / Blacklist Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “The Estonian Tax and Customs Board maintains an official list of unlicensed gambling websites. The list can include domains and, in some cases, server addresses that Estonian providers must block.”, “result”: “Estonian ISPs must restrict access to listed illegal gambling services. The regime combines public blacklist publication with DNS-based blocking obligations.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.emta.ee/en/business-client/registration-business/gambling-operators/blocked-gambling-websites”, “secondary”: “https://www.internetsociety.org/resources/policybriefs/2025/perspectives-on-internet-blocking-and-filtering/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-050”, “slug”: “eu-2011-article-25-of-directive-2011-93-eu”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 52, “time”: { “raw”: “2011”, “year”: 2011, “month”: null, “display”: “2011”, “sort_key”: 201100 }, “country”: “EU”, “topic_raw”: “CSAM”, “topics”: [ “CSAM” ], “case_type”: “Legislation / Regulation”, “name”: “Article 25 of Directive 2011/93/EU:”, “institution”: “European Parliament and Council of the European Union”, “objective”: “To require removal of CSAM webpages and allow proportionate, transparent access blocking as a complementary safeguard.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “General Blocking Framework”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “Article 25 of Directive 2011/93/EU requires Member States to pursue removal of webpages containing child sexual abuse material and permits them to adopt measures to block access to such webpages, subject to safeguards.”, “result”: “The provision creates an EU-level basis for national CSAM access-blocking measures but leaves implementation to Member States. It is a legal framework rather than a single blocking list or order.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32011L0093”, “secondary”: “https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8049013”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-051”, “slug”: “uk-2011-twentieth-century-fox-film-corp-and-ors-v-british-telecommunications-plc”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 53, “time”: { “raw”: “2011”, “year”: 2011, “month”: null, “display”: “2011”, “sort_key”: 201100 }, “country”: “UK”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp & Ors v British Telecommunications plc”, “institution”: “High Court of Justice (England and Wales)”, “objective”: “To authorize ISP blocking injunctions against Newzbin2 even where the ISP is Not itself an infringer.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Site / Service Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: false, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “The Newzbin2 case asked whether a court could order an ISP that was Not itself an infringer to block customer access to a third-party copyright-infringing website.”, “result”: “The High Court ordered BT to block access to Newzbin2. The decision established one of the earliest UK ISP website-blocking injunctions and confirmed that access providers can be required to assist enforcement.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Ch/2011/1981.html”, “secondary”: “https://www.theguardian.com/techNology/2011/jul/28/high-court-bt-filesharing-website-newzbin2”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-052”, “slug”: “greece-2011-hgc-blacklist-of-unlicensed-gambling-operators”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 54, “time”: { “raw”: “2011”, “year”: 2011, “month”: null, “display”: “2011”, “sort_key”: 201100 }, “country”: “Greece”, “topic_raw”: “Illegal gambling”, “topics”: [ “Illegal gambling” ], “case_type”: “Administrative Measure”, “name”: “HGC blacklist of unlicensed gambling operators”, “institution”: “Hellenic Gaming Commission”, “objective”: “Prevent access to unlicensed gambling providers”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nGambling Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Gambling Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Register / Blacklist Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “HGC blacklist of unlicensed gambling operators is a Greece blocking measure/regime. It is based on Greek gambling law framework; HGC blacklist regime. Enforcement route: Hellenic Gaming Commission. Primary targets are Unlicensed online gambling websites. Technical Note: The official blacklist explicitly includes domain names and/or Internet Protocol addresses..”, “result”: “The mechanism is one of the clearer examples of a public domain/IP blacklist for gambling.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.gamingcommission.gov.gr/index.php/en/mitroa/black-list”, “secondary”: “https://www.advennt.com/news/news/hgc-enforcement-and-2026-reforms/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-053”, “slug”: “spain-2011-precautionary-and-definitive-blocking-against-illegal-gambling-operators”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 55, “time”: { “raw”: “2011”, “year”: 2011, “month”: null, “display”: “2011”, “sort_key”: 201100 }, “country”: “Spain”, “topic_raw”: “Illegal gambling”, “topics”: [ “Illegal gambling” ], “case_type”: “Administrative Measure”, “name”: “Precautionary and definitive blocking against illegal gambling operators”, “institution”: “DGOJ / information-society service providers”, “objective”: “Stop illegal online gambling and protect the regulated market”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nGambling Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Gambling Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Site / Service Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “Precautionary and definitive blocking against illegal gambling operators is a Spain blocking measure/regime. It is based on Law 13/2011 on the regulation of gambling. Enforcement route: DGOJ / information-society service providers. Primary targets are Illegal gambling operators and their sites. Technical Note: Public summaries stress blocking via service providers but usually do Not disclose the exact technical method in each case..”, “result”: “Spain remains an important jurisdiction for gambling-focused access blocking.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-9280”, “secondary”: “https://www.ordenacionjuego.es/cmis/browser?id=workspace%3A%2F%2FSpacesStore%2F0d6943a1-7fd0-4001-bb18-f1ec63608151”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-054”, “slug”: “denmark-2010-h-jesteret-27-05-2010-the-pirate-bay-blocking”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 56, “time”: { “raw”: “2010”, “year”: 2010, “month”: null, “display”: “2010”, “sort_key”: 201000 }, “country”: “Denmark”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “Højesteret 27.05.2010 (The Pirate Bay Blocking)”, “institution”: “Højesteret (Supreme Court of Denmark)”, “objective”: “To require ISP blocking of The Pirate Bay as an early precedent for copyright site blocking.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Site / Service Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “The Danish Supreme Court case concerned an injunction requiring the ISP SoNofon to block access to The Pirate Bay. It arose from right-holder efforts to prevent access to a major copyright-infringing platform.”, “result”: “The Supreme Court confirmed that an ISP can be ordered to block The Pirate Bay. The decision helped establish Denmark’s court-ordered website blocking practice for copyright cases.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “http://www.domstol.dk/hojesteret/Documents/Domme/153-09.pdf”, “secondary”: “https://edri.org/our-work/edrigramnumber8-11piratebay-denmark-supreme-court/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: “Early European landmark ruling on blocking The Pirate Bay.”, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-055”, “slug”: “france-2010-anj-regime-vs-illegal-online-gambling-art-61-loi-2010-476”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 57, “time”: { “raw”: “2010”, “year”: 2010, “month”: null, “display”: “2010”, “sort_key”: 201000 }, “country”: “France”, “topic_raw”: “Illegal gambling”, “topics”: [ “Illegal gambling” ], “case_type”: “Legislation / Regulation”, “name”: “ANJ: Regime vs. illegal online gambling (Art. 61 Loi 2010-476)”, “institution”: “ANJ (Autorité Nationale des Jeux)”, “objective”: “To create a Notice-based enforcement regime allowing blocking and de-listing of illegal online gambling services.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nGambling Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Gambling Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “General Blocking Framework”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “France’s 2010 online gambling framework empowered the national gambling regulator to act against illegal gambling sites. The regime includes access-blocking and de-listing measures against operators targeting the French market without authorization.”, “result”: “The ANJ framework enables administrative enforcement against illegal gambling interfaces after statutory procedures are followed. It is a regulatory blocking model, not a copyright case.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/article_lc/LEGIARTI000045294018”, “secondary”: “https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2026/02/04/how-france-s-lottery-operator-fuels-the-toxic-online-casiNo-ecosystem-in-the-comoros_6750148_8.html”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: “A key outcome of the regime is the institutionalized involvement of access providers, hosting providers, and other intermediaries in law enforcement, without forcing them to comply with general surveillance obligations.”, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-056”, “slug”: “uk-2010-twentieth-century-fox-film-corp-and-ors-v-newzbin-ltd”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 58, “time”: { “raw”: “2010”, “year”: 2010, “month”: null, “display”: “2010”, “sort_key”: 201000 }, “country”: “UK”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp & Ors v Newzbin Ltd”, “institution”: “High Court of Justice (England and Wales)”, “objective”: “To establish that Newzbin actively authorized and facilitated mass copyright infringement through its indexing service.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Website Operator\nRights Holder\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Site / Service Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: false, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “Newzbin was a Usenet indexing site that organized and enabled access to copyright-infringing films and other content. The High Court assessed whether the site authorized or facilitated infringement on a large scale.”, “result”: “The court held that Newzbin authorized and facilitated substantial copyright infringement. Although the case was against the site itself, it set up the later Newzbin2 proceedings against BT for ISP-level blocking.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Ch/2010/608.html”, “secondary”: “https://academic.oup.com/jiplp/article-pdf/6/12/854/2574556/jpr153.pdf”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-057”, “slug”: “italy-2006-legge-n-38-of-6-february-2006”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 59, “time”: { “raw”: “2006”, “year”: 2006, “month”: null, “display”: “2006”, “sort_key”: 200600 }, “country”: “Italy”, “topic_raw”: “CSAM”, “topics”: [ “CSAM” ], “case_type”: “Legislation / Regulation”, “name”: “Legge n. 38 of 6 February 2006”, “institution”: “Centro Nazionale per il Contrasto della PedoporNografia Online (CNCPO)\nAGCOM”, “objective”: “To mandate ISP blocking of verified CSAM websites through a confidential national blacklist maintained by CNCPO.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Register / Blacklist Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “Italy’s Law No. 38/2006 created a national system against online child sexual abuse material and terrorism-related content. CNCPO acts as the central authority identifying and listing offending online resources for provider-level blocking.”, “result”: “Unlike voluntary models, Italian provider participation is legally required. ISPs must implement blocking based on the official list, making this a mandatory administrative blacklist regime.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.poliziadistato.it/articolo/centro-nazionale-per-il-contrasto-alla-pedopornografia-sulla-rete”, “secondary”: “https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8049013”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-058”, “slug”: “finland-2006-act-1068-20-act-on-measures-to-prevent-the-dissemination-of-child-pornography”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 60, “time”: { “raw”: “2006”, “year”: 2006, “month”: null, “display”: “2006”, “sort_key”: 200600 }, “country”: “Finland”, “topic_raw”: “CSAM”, “topics”: [ “CSAM” ], “case_type”: “Legislation / Regulation”, “name”: “Act 1068/20 – Act on Measures to Prevent the Dissemination of Child PorNography”, “institution”: “Finnish Police”, “objective”: “To enable voluntary ISP blocking of foreign CSAM sites based on a confidential police list with ex-post review.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Cooperative / Voluntary Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “Finland’s Act 1068/2006 creates a framework for preventing access to foreign websites containing child sexual abuse material. The police identify sites and providers may implement blocking on a voluntary basis.”, “result”: “The Finnish system combines police identification with voluntary ISP implementation. It is narrower than a mandatory blacklist regime, but has been criticized for transparency and overblocking concerns.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.finlex.fi/en/legislation/collection/2006/1068”, “secondary”: “https://wilmap.stanford.edu/entries/act-10682006-measures-preventing-propagation-child-porNography-december-2006”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-059”, “slug”: “denmark-2005-b-rnepornofilter”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 61, “time”: { “raw”: “2005”, “year”: 2005, “month”: null, “display”: “2005”, “sort_key”: 200500 }, “country”: “Denmark”, “topic_raw”: “CSAM”, “topics”: [ “CSAM” ], “case_type”: “Voluntary / Self-regulatory Measure”, “name”: “børneporNofilter”, “institution”: “Rigspolitiet (Danish National Police)”, “objective”: “To voluntarily block clearly illegal CSAM domains through cooperation between police and Danish ISPs.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Cooperative / Voluntary Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “Denmark’s børneporNofilter is a voluntary cooperation scheme between the national police and internet providers to block domains associated with CSAM. The police identify domains and participating ISPs implement DNS-level blocking.”, “result”: “The model is based on self-regulation rather than a direct statutory blocking duty. It is a domain-focused law-enforcement cooperation mechanism for CSAM.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://stop.dktv.dk/english.html”, “secondary”: “https://researchrepository.ucd.ie/entities/publication/555f6991-5e4a-4fcf-99f0-885033d2716d”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-060”, “slug”: “uk-2004-cleanfeed-internet-watch-foundation-url-list”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 62, “time”: { “raw”: “2004”, “year”: 2004, “month”: null, “display”: “2004”, “sort_key”: 200400 }, “country”: “UK”, “topic_raw”: “CSAM”, “topics”: [ “CSAM” ], “case_type”: “Voluntary / Self-regulatory Measure”, “name”: “Cleanfeed – Internet Watch Foundation URL List”, “institution”: “Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) / BT”, “objective”: “To block IWF-listed CSAM URLs in the UK through BT’s Cleanfeed and later broader industry filtering practices.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nWebsite Operator\nUser\nIndustry / Civil Society Body”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Website Operator”, “User”, “Industry / Civil Society Body” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Register / Blacklist Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: false, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “Cleanfeed was developed by BT and the Internet Watch Foundation to block access to URLs on the IWF child sexual abuse material list. It operates as a URL-list-based filtering system rather than a simple domain blacklist.”, “result”: “The system became a widely referenced UK model for CSAM blocking. It has also illustrated the risk that URL-list filtering can affect lawful services when implementation or classification errors occur.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.iwf.org.uk/our-techNology/our-services/url-list/”, “secondary”: “https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/17971”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “eu-061”, “slug”: “france-2009-article-l-336-2-of-the-code-de-la-propriete-intellectuelle-cpi”, “region”: “EU”, “source_sheet”: “EU”, “source_row”: 63, “time”: { “raw”: “2009”, “year”: 2009, “month”: null, “display”: “2009”, “sort_key”: 200900 }, “country”: “France”, “topic_raw”: “General blocking framework”, “topics”: [ “General blocking framework” ], “case_type”: “Legislation / Regulation”, “name”: “Article L.336-2 of the Code de la propriété intellectuelle (CPI)”, “institution”: “French courts under Article L.336-2 CPI”, “objective”: “To provide a flexible legal basis for French courts to order measures against intermediaries to stop copyright infringement.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Service Provider\nHosting\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Service Provider”, “Hosting”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “General Blocking Framework”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “Article L.336-2 CPI is France’s central statutory basis for court-ordered copyright blocking. It enables courts to order measures against intermediaries to prevent or stop online copyright infringement.”, “result”: “The provision is a flexible civil prevention tool rather than a criminal blocking rule. It underpins many French copyright and sports-piracy blocking orders.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000038791094/”, “secondary”: “https://www.labase-lextenso.fr/l-essentiel-droit-de-la-propriete-intellectuelle/2024-n3/article-l-336-2-du-code-de-la-propriete-intellectuelle-et-ordonnance-sur-requete-DPI202e4”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: “Very important as a general enabling provision: Unlike sector-specific special regimes in the sports or gambling sectors, L.336-2 establishes a general copyright mechanism to address intermediaries”, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “int-001”, “slug”: “australia-2015-federal-court-site-blocking-injunctions”, “region”: “International”, “source_sheet”: “Int”, “source_row”: 3, “time”: { “raw”: “2015”, “year”: 2015, “month”: null, “display”: “2015”, “sort_key”: 201500 }, “country”: “Australia”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “Federal Court site-blocking injunctions”, “institution”: “Federal Court; implemented by ISPs”, “objective”: “Reduce access to offshore copyright-infringing online locations”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Site / Service Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “Federal Court site-blocking injunctions is a blocking measure/regime in Australia. It is based on Copyright Act 1968, s 115A. Enforcement route: Federal Court; implemented by ISPs. Primary targets are Copyright-infringing online locations outside Australia. Technical note: Statute also references URLs and search de-indexing.”, “result”: “Section 115A expressly contemplates domain names, URLs and IP addresses.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.legislation.gov.au/C1968A00063/2019-01-01”, “secondary”: “https://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca1968133/s115a.html”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “int-002”, “slug”: “australia-2019-acma-blocking-of-illegal-offshore-gambling-sites”, “region”: “International”, “source_sheet”: “Int”, “source_row”: 4, “time”: { “raw”: “2019”, “year”: 2019, “month”: null, “display”: “2019”, “sort_key”: 201900 }, “country”: “Australia”, “topic_raw”: “Illegal gambling”, “topics”: [ “Illegal gambling” ], “case_type”: “Administrative Measure”, “name”: “ACMA blocking of illegal offshore gambling sites”, “institution”: “ACMA requests ISP blocking”, “objective”: “Protect consumers and restrict access to illegal online gambling”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Provider\nGambling Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Provider”, “Gambling Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Register / Blacklist Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “ACMA blocking of illegal offshore gambling sites is a blocking measure/regime in Australia. It is based on Interactive Gambling Act 2001 (ACMA enforcement). Enforcement route: ACMA requests ISP blocking. Primary targets are Illegal gambling and affiliate websites. Technical note: Public ACMA pages describe ISP website blocking but not the precise technical method.”, “result”: “ACMA says first blocking requests were issued in 2019 and the blocked list is updated regularly.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.acma.gov.au/blocked-gambling-websites”, “secondary”: “https://www.acma.gov.au/articles/2026-03/latest-illegal-online-gambling-websites-blocked”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “int-003”, “slug”: “canada-2019-goldtv-site-blocking-orders”, “region”: “International”, “source_sheet”: “Int”, “source_row”: 5, “time”: { “raw”: “2019”, “year”: 2019, “month”: null, “display”: “2019”, “sort_key”: 201900 }, “country”: “Canada”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “GoldTV site-blocking orders”, “institution”: “Federal Court; implemented by Canadian ISPs”, “objective”: “Disrupt access to pirate streaming services”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nBroadcaster\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “Broadcaster”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Site / Service Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “GoldTV site-blocking orders is a blocking measure/regime in Canada. It is based on Bell Media Inc. v GoldTV Services, 2019 FC 1432. Enforcement route: Federal Court; implemented by Canadian ISPs. Primary targets are Pirate IPTV / streaming services. Technical note: Later Canadian cases moved toward dynamic blocking as well.”, “result”: “Widely described as Canada’s first site-blocking order.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://decisions.fct-cf.gc.ca/fc-cf/decisions/en/item/424753/index.do”, “secondary”: “https://www.osler.com/en/insights/updates/canadian-federal-court-issues-dynamic-website-blocking-injunction-to-combat-unauthorized-hockey-web/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “int-004”, “slug”: “india-2009-section-69a-blocking-orders”, “region”: “International”, “source_sheet”: “Int”, “source_row”: 6, “time”: { “raw”: “2009”, “year”: 2009, “month”: null, “display”: “2009”, “sort_key”: 200900 }, “country”: “India”, “topic_raw”: “National security / public order / unlawful content”, “topics”: [ “National security / public order / unlawful content” ], “case_type”: “Administrative Measure”, “name”: “Section 69A blocking orders”, “institution”: “Central Government / MeitY and designated officers”, “objective”: “Block public access to content for sovereignty, security, public order and related grounds”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Provider\nPlatform Operator\nWebsite Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Provider”, “Platform Operator”, “Website Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “General Blocking Framework”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “Section 69A blocking orders is a blocking measure/regime in India. It is based on Information Technology Act 2000, Section 69A; Blocking Rules 2009. Enforcement route: Central Government / MeitY and designated officers. Primary targets are Any online information subject to a lawful blocking order. Technical note: The law authorizes public-access blocking but does not tie orders to a single technical method in public-facing summaries.”, “result”: “A broad general blocking power; included because it is a major legal basis for ISP/intermediary access blocking.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.meity.gov.in/documents/act-and-policies/section-69a-of-it-act-2-YjNxgTMtQWa”, “secondary”: “https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&filename=blocking_for_access_of_information_rule_2009.pdf&type=rule”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “int-005”, “slug”: “indonesia-2020-mr5-access-blocking-regime”, “region”: “International”, “source_sheet”: “Int”, “source_row”: 7, “time”: { “raw”: “2020”, “year”: 2020, “month”: null, “display”: “2020”, “sort_key”: 202000 }, “country”: “Indonesia”, “topic_raw”: “Unlawful / prohibited content”, “topics”: [ “Unlawful / prohibited content” ], “case_type”: “Legislation / Regulation”, “name”: “MR5 access blocking regime”, “institution”: “Kominfo / internet service providers”, “objective”: “Block prohibited content and non-compliant electronic systems”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Provider\nPlatform Operator\nWebsite Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Provider”, “Platform Operator”, “Website Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “General Blocking Framework”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “MR5 access blocking regime is a blocking measure/regime in Indonesia. It is based on Ministerial Regulation No. 5 of 2020. Enforcement route: Kominfo / internet service providers. Primary targets are Prohibited content and non-compliant private electronic system operators. Technical note: The regulation expressly describes access blocking and requires ISP landing pages when access is cut.”, “result”: “A broad internet blocking regime rather than a sector-specific gambling or piracy measure.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://jdih.komdigi.go.id/produk_hukum/view/id/759/t/peraturan%2Bmenteri%2Bkomunikasi%2Bdan%2Binformatika%2BNomor%2B5%2Btahun%2B2020”, “secondary”: “https://www.accessNow.org/press-release/indonesia-mr5-amicus-brief/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “int-006”, “slug”: “russia-2012-unified-register-of-prohibited-websites”, “region”: “International”, “source_sheet”: “Int”, “source_row”: 8, “time”: { “raw”: “2012”, “year”: 2012, “month”: null, “display”: “2012”, “sort_key”: 201200 }, “country”: “Russia”, “topic_raw”: “Unlawful / prohibited content”, “topics”: [ “Unlawful / prohibited content” ], “case_type”: “Administrative Measure”, “name”: “Unified register of prohibited websites”, “institution”: “Roskomnadzor register and ISP compliance”, “objective”: “Restrict access to specified categories of unlawful online information”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Provider\nWebsite Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Provider”, “Website Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: “Roskomnadzor’s IP blocking swept up Amazon and Google cloud ranges, disrupting unrelated services, banking/app traffic, and even Roskomnadzor’s own site.”, “has_collateral_damage”: true, “blocking_type”: “Register / Blacklist Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “Unified register of prohibited websites is a blocking measure/regime in Russia. It is based on Federal Law No. 149-FZ, Article 15.1. Enforcement route: Roskomnadzor register and ISP compliance. Primary targets are Websites carrying prohibited categories of information. Technical note: Russian blocking practice also uses URL-level and other routing-based measures.”, “result”: “Included because it is a major state blocking architecture with statutory footing.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.zakonrf.info/doc-15964632/st15.1/”, “secondary”: “https://rm.coe.int/iris-extra-2021en-regulation-of-social-media-in-russia/1680a3f77e”, “collateral_damage”: “https://www.wired.com/story/telegram-in-russia-blocked-web-app-ban-facebook-twitter-google/” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “int-007”, “slug”: “russia-2013-copyright-register-anti-piracy-blocking”, “region”: “International”, “source_sheet”: “Int”, “source_row”: 9, “time”: { “raw”: “2013”, “year”: 2013, “month”: null, “display”: “2013”, “sort_key”: 201300 }, “country”: “Russia”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Administrative Measure”, “name”: “Copyright register / anti-piracy blocking”, “institution”: “Moscow City Court orders / Roskomnadzor register / ISP compliance”, “objective”: “Restrict access to websites carrying infringing audiovisual content”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nBroadcaster\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “Broadcaster”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Register / Blacklist Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “Copyright register / anti-piracy blocking is a blocking measure/regime in Russia. It is based on Federal Law No. 149-FZ, Article 15.2. Enforcement route: Moscow City Court orders / Roskomnadzor register / ISP compliance. Primary targets are Pirate audiovisual content sites and mirrors. Technical note: Often implemented through Roskomnadzor’s established blocking infrastructure.”, “result”: “Russia has long maintained a specific anti-piracy blocking pathway separate from the general prohibited-content register.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.zakonrf.info/doc-15964632/st15.2/”, “secondary”: “https://base.garant.ru/512148555/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “int-008”, “slug”: “singapore-2014-court-ordered-copyright-site-blocking”, “region”: “International”, “source_sheet”: “Int”, “source_row”: 10, “time”: { “raw”: “2014”, “year”: 2014, “month”: null, “display”: “2014”, “sort_key”: 201400 }, “country”: “Singapore”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “Court-ordered copyright site blocking”, “institution”: “High Court orders against network service providers”, “objective”: “Reduce access to flagrantly infringing online locations”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Site / Service Blocking”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “Court-ordered copyright site blocking is a blocking measure/regime in Singapore. It is based on now consolidated in the Copyright Act 2021 (originating in 2014 amendments). Enforcement route: High Court orders against network service providers. Primary targets are Flagrantly infringing online locations. Technical note: The 2021 Act is the current consolidated statute; site blocking originated under earlier amendments in 2014.”, “result”: “Useful as a clean statutory model in Asia for copyright-focused site blocking.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CA2021”, “secondary”: “https://www.osborneclarke.com/insights/copyright-site-blocking-in-singapore”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “int-009”, “slug”: “singapore-2014-blocking-of-unlawful-remote-gambling-services”, “region”: “International”, “source_sheet”: “Int”, “source_row”: 11, “time”: { “raw”: “2014”, “year”: 2014, “month”: null, “display”: “2014”, “sort_key”: 201400 }, “country”: “Singapore”, “topic_raw”: “Illegal gambling”, “topics”: [ “Illegal gambling” ], “case_type”: “Legislation / Regulation”, “name”: “Blocking of unlawful remote gambling services”, “institution”: “Gambling Regulatory Authority / relevant ministers and ISPs”, “objective”: “Suppress unlawful remote gambling and protect the public”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Provider\nGambling Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Provider”, “Gambling Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “General Blocking Framework”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “Blocking of unlawful remote gambling services is a blocking measure/regime in Singapore. It is based on Remote Gambling Act 2014, now consolidated in Gambling Control Act 2022. Enforcement route: Gambling Regulatory Authority / relevant ministers and ISPs. Primary targets are Unlawful remote gambling websites and services. Technical note: Public statutory summaries focus on blocking and access restriction, not one named technical method.”, “result”: “Long-running remote-gambling blocking regime, now consolidated in the 2022 Act.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/GCA2022”, “secondary”: “https://www.gra.gov.sg/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “int-010”, “slug”: “south-korea-2019-kcsc-domain-filtering-and-sni-based-blocking”, “region”: “International”, “source_sheet”: “Int”, “source_row”: 12, “time”: { “raw”: “2019”, “year”: 2019, “month”: null, “display”: “2019”, “sort_key”: 201900 }, “country”: “South Korea”, “topic_raw”: “Unlawful / harmful content”, “topics”: [ “Unlawful / harmful content” ], “case_type”: “Administrative Measure”, “name”: “KCSC domain filtering and SNI-based blocking”, “institution”: “Korean Communications Standards Commission working through ISPs”, “objective”: “Block illegal or designated harmful online content”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Provider\nWebsite Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Provider”, “Website Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “SNI / TLS hostname filtering”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “KCSC domain filtering and SNI-based blocking is a blocking measure/regime in South Korea. It is based on Korean blocking practice under the Network Act and related content-control framework. Enforcement route: Korean Communications Standards Commission working through ISPs. Primary targets are Blacklisted illegal / harmful online services and domains. Technical note: South Korea historically used DNS filtering before shifting to SNI-based filtering for HTTPS traffic in 2019.”, “result”: “Included because it is a major operational national blocking system even though the modern implementation is not purely DNS or IP based.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/policies/view?articleId=168066”, “secondary”: “https://lumendatabase.org/Notices/73101162”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “int-011”, “slug”: “turkey-2007-access-blocking-under-law-no-5651”, “region”: “International”, “source_sheet”: “Int”, “source_row”: 13, “time”: { “raw”: “2007”, “year”: 2007, “month”: null, “display”: “2007”, “sort_key”: 200700 }, “country”: “Turkey”, “topic_raw”: “Illegal content / public-order offences”, “topics”: [ “Illegal content / public-order offences” ], “case_type”: “Legislation / Regulation”, “name”: “Access blocking under Law No. 5651”, “institution”: “Courts / BTK / Access Providers Union”, “objective”: “Block access to content and services deemed unlawful under Turkish law”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Provider\nPlatform Operator\nWebsite Operator\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Provider”, “Platform Operator”, “Website Operator”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “General Blocking Framework”, “dns_blocking”: true, “ip_blocking”: true, “description”: “Access blocking under Law No. 5651 is a blocking measure/regime in Turkey. It is based on Law No. 5651 on Internet Publications. Enforcement route: Courts / BTK / Access Providers Union. Primary targets are Unlawful online publications and content categories covered by the law. Technical note: Public legal explainers quote the statute as covering domain-name blocking, IP blocking, URL blocking and similar methods.”, “result”: “Broad and long-running framework; frequently cited in comparative blocking discussions.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/Mevzuatmetin/1.5.5651.Pdf”, “secondary”: “https://www.goksusafiisik.av.tr/en/publications/2025-summer-issue/blocking-of-access-and-removal-of-content-in-turkiye-law-No-5651-judicial-decisions-and-international-practices?id=515”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “int-012”, “slug”: “united-states-2026-cox-communications-inc-v-sony-music-entertainment”, “region”: “International”, “source_sheet”: “Int”, “source_row”: 14, “time”: { “raw”: “2026”, “year”: 2026, “month”: null, “display”: “2026”, “sort_key”: 202600 }, “country”: “United States”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Court”, “name”: “Cox Communications, Inc. v. Sony Music Entertainment”, “institution”: “Supreme Court”, “objective”: “To assess whether an ISP can be secondarily liable for user piracy despite acting as a neutral access provider.”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Provider\nRights Holder\nUser”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Provider”, “Rights Holder”, “User” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Intermediary Liability / Responsibility”, “dns_blocking”: false, “ip_blocking”: false, “description”: “Cox v Sony Music concerned whether an ISP can be secondarily liable for copyright infringement by subscribers after receiving repeated infringement Notices. The case focused on liability standards rather than a classic website-blocking order.”, “result”: “The U.S. Supreme Court held that mere knowledge of subscriber infringement is not enough for contributory liability. An ISP must have intended its service to be used for infringement, such as by inducing infringement or tailoring the service to infringing uses.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/25pdf/24-171_bq7d.pdf”, “secondary”: “https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/cert/24-171”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “in_force”, “status_label”: “In force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” }, { “id”: “int-013”, “slug”: “united-states-2025-foreign-anti-digital-piracy-act-proposal”, “region”: “International”, “source_sheet”: “Int”, “source_row”: 15, “time”: { “raw”: “2025”, “year”: 2025, “month”: null, “display”: “2025”, “sort_key”: 202500 }, “country”: “United States”, “topic_raw”: “Copyright / piracy”, “topics”: [ “Copyright / piracy” ], “case_type”: “Policy Proposal / Draft”, “name”: “Foreign Anti-Digital Piracy Act proposal”, “institution”: “Would authorize federal court blocking orders if enacted”, “objective”: “Create a court process to block specifically identified infringing foreign websites or services”, “affected_stakeholders_raw”: “Internet Provider\nDNS Provider\nHosting\nDomain Name Provider\nWebsite Operator\nRights Holder\nUser\nPublic Authority”, “affected_stakeholders”: [ “Internet Provider”, “DNS Provider”, “Hosting”, “Domain Name Provider”, “Website Operator”, “Rights Holder”, “User”, “Public Authority” ], “collateral_damage”: null, “has_collateral_damage”: false, “blocking_type”: “Blocking Proposal / Draft”, “dns_blocking”: null, “ip_blocking”: null, “description”: “Foreign Anti-Digital Piracy Act proposal is a blocking measure/regime in United States. It is based on H.R. 791 (119th Congress), Foreign Anti-Digital Piracy Act. Enforcement route: Would authorize federal court blocking orders if enacted. Primary targets are Foreign piracy-focused websites or online services. Technical note: The bill is pending; technical implementation would depend on the enacted text and resulting court orders.”, “result”: “Included as a clearly pending legislative measure rather than an in-force regime.”, “sources”: { “primary”: “https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-119hr791ih”, “secondary”: “https://www.copyright.gov/title17/”, “collateral_damage”: “Unknown” }, “status”: “not_in_force”, “status_label”: “Not in force”, “comment”: null, “last_verified”: “2026-07-01” } ] }; window.TOPDNS_BLOCKING_TRACKER_MAP = {“meta”:{“projection”:”equirectangular”,”view_box”:[0,0,360,180],”source”:”Natural Earth low-resolution Admin-0 country geometry (public domain)”,”source_url”:”https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/110m-cultural-vectors/”,”note”:”Map geometry is for thematic visualization only. 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It targets domains used to access unauthorized Ligue 1 content and treats public DNS providers as intermediaries that can be ordered to implement blocking.,The decision broadens French sports-piracy blocking beyond access ISPs by requiring DNS resolvers to participate. It is relevant because it confirms that court-ordered blocking can reach neutral technical intermediaries when used to circumvent existing site blocks.,https://www.courdecassation.fr/decision/6945d80b75782d5f06d408ab,https://www.internetsociety.org/blog/2026/04/dns-blocking-mind-the-unintended-consequences/,Unknown,In force,,EU,3,2026-07-01\r\neu-002,france-2025-06-blockade-of-sports-piracy-lfp-lfp-media,EU,2025/06,France,Copyright / sports piracy,Court,Blockade of sports piracy (LFP/LFP Media),Tribunal Judiciaire de Paris,To secure pre-season injunctions enabling ISPs and Arcom to rapidly block illegal football streaming services.,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | Broadcaster | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Live / Real-Time Blocking,unknown,unknown,The LFP/LFP Media proceeding sought urgent pre-season blocking measures against illegal live football streaming services. The case relied on the French sports-piracy framework to enable rapid blocking before and during the competition season.,The order confirms that LFP and LFP Media can obtain advance interim measures against unauthorized sports streams. It supports a fast and repeatable blocking model for live sports piracy in France.,https://www.courdecassation.fr/decision/687005c4b8daa57c7f66a65e,https://www.lemonde.fr/en/summer-reads/article/2025/08/14/hackers-versus-sports-broadcasters-a-tight-match-to-win-over-viewers_6744386_183.html,Unknown,In force,,EU,4,2026-07-01\r\neu-003,netherlands-2020-10-dynamic-blocking-of-tpb-mirror-proxy-sites,EU,2020/10,Netherlands,Copyright / piracy,Court,Dynamic blocking of TPB mirror/proxy sites,Rb. Midden-Nederland,To require ISPs to block new Pirate Bay mirror and proxy domains quickly after Notification without repeated lawsuits.,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User,Unknown,Dynamic Blocking,yes,no,The Dutch dynamic blocking case addressed circumvention of existing Pirate Bay blocking orders through mirror and proxy domains. Stichting BREIN sought a mechanism to add new substitute domains without bringing a fresh case each time.,The court allowed dynamic blocking of new mirror and proxy domains linked to The Pirate Bay. This created a more flexible Dutch model against circumvention of site-blocking orders.,https://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/details?id=ECLI%3ANL%3ARBMNE%3A2020%3A4399,https://torrentfreak.com/dutch-isps-must-block-pirate-bay-proxies-and-mirrors-again-court-rules-201015/,Unknown,In force,,EU,5,2026-07-01\r\neu-004,netherlands-2020-06-ziggo-xs4all-must-block-the-pirate-bay,EU,2020/06,Netherlands,Copyright / piracy,Court,Ziggo/XS4ALL must block The Pirate Bay,Gerechtshof Amsterdam,To implement blocking of The Pirate Bay after EU case law confirmed it facilitates communication of infringing works.,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User,Unknown,Site / Service Blocking,yes,unknown,The Dutch Ziggo/XS4ALL case followed the CJEU’s finding that The Pirate Bay could itself be engaged in communication to the public. The Dutch court then assessed whether national blocking orders against access providers were justified.,The Amsterdam Court ordered Ziggo and XS4ALL to block access to The Pirate Bay. The decision made the earlier EU ruling operational in Dutch copyright enforcement.,https://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/details?id=ECLI%3ANL%3AGHAMS%3A2020%3A1421,https://www.dutchnews.nl/2020/06/ziggo-xs4all-told-they-must-block-access-to-the-pirate-bay/,Unknown,In force,,EU,6,2026-07-01\r\neu-005,germany-2010-access-impediment-act-zugerschwg-2010-2011,EU,2010,Germany,CSAM,Legislation / Regulation,Access Impediment Act (ZugErschwG) 2010/2011,Bundeskriminalamt (BKA),To hinder access to CSAM websites through state-ordered ISP blocking where deletion was Not timely possible.,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,General Blocking Framework,yes,no,The Access Impediment Act aimed to prevent access from Germany to websites containing child sexual abuse material by requiring access providers to implement BKA-based blocking lists.,\”The Act was repealed in 2011 and replaced politically by the ‘delete instead of block’ approach. It is therefore a historical example of German CSAM blocking legislation, not a measure currently in force.\”,https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?start=%2F%2F%2A%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl110s0078.pdf%27%5D,https://edri.org/our-work/edrigramnumber9-24german-internet-blocking-law-repealed/,Unknown,Not in force,,EU,7,2026-07-01\r\neu-006,spain-2026-laliga-telefonica-audiovisual-digital-nordvpn-and-proton-vpn,EU,2026,Spain,Copyright / sports piracy,Court,LALIGA / Telefónica Audiovisual Digital ./. NordVPN and Proton VPN,Juzgado de lo Mercantil n.º 1 de Córdoba,To extend anti-piracy blocking to VPN providers by requiring Spanish access blocks to IPs used for illegal LaLiga streams.,Internet Service Provider | Hosting | Website Operator | Rights Holder | Broadcaster | User,Shared-IP anti-piracy blocks reportedly hit thousands of lawful websites/apps carried on Cloudflare and other CDNs; VPN providers warned the new order could widen these side effects.,Service-Provider Enforcement,no,yes,\”The Spanish court order concerns anti-piracy enforcement against services used to access unauthorized live sports streams, including VPN providers. It extends the enforcement focus from classic access ISPs to providers that may enable circumvention of blocking measures.\”,The case is significant because VPN providers were drawn directly into Spanish sports-piracy enforcement. It indicates a shift toward blocking obligations against service providers considered responsible for enabling access to infringing streams.,https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/news/information-Note-on-the-precautionary-measures-granted-to-laliga-against-Nordvpn-and-protonvpn,https://www.tomsguide.com/computing/vpns/Nordvpn-and-proton-vpn-hit-with-blocking-orders-as-spain-cracks-down-on-illegal-soccer-streams,https://www.techradar.com/vpn/vpn-privacy-security/la-ligas-war-on-piracy-is-breaking-the-internet-in-spain-and-your-vpn-could-be-the-next-target,In force,\”For the first time, a VPN provider in Spain is directly involved in enforcement measures against sports piracy\”,EU,8,2026-07-01\r\neu-007,italy-2025-agcom-delibera-209-25-cons-piracy-shield-extension,EU,2025,Italy,Copyright / sports piracy,Administrative Measure,AGCOM Delibera 209/25/CONS – Piracy Shield Extension,AGCOM,To broaden Piracy Shield from sports to all live audiovisual content and strengthen its technical framework.,Internet Service Provider | DNS Provider | Hosting | Website Operator | Rights Holder | Broadcaster | User | Public Authority,\”Piracy Shield has been reported to overblock lawful domains; later studies/media accounts say thousands of legitimate domains, including some Google-hosted services, were affected.\”,Live / Real-Time Blocking,yes,yes,AGCOM Delibera 209/25/CONS amends the existing Italian anti-piracy framework and expands Piracy Shield beyond sports events to additional live audiovisual content. The measure strengthens the organizational and technical basis for rapid DNS and IP blocking.,The expansion means Piracy Shield is No longer limited to sports piracy. It broadens Italy’s real-time blocking system to wider categories of live audiovisual content and increases the number of potential blocking events.,https://www.agcom.it/provvedimenti/delibera-209-25-cons,https://digitalpolicyalert.org/change/15712-communications-regulatory-authority-amended-online-copyright-regulations-expanding-piracy-shield-scope-for-dynamic-injunctions-over-live-and-audiovisual-content-resolution-20925cons,https://labs.ripe.net/author/antonio-prado/live-event-blocking-at-scale-effectiveness-vs-collateral-damage-in-italys-piracy-shield/,In force,,EU,9,2026-07-01\r\neu-008,belgium-2025-gaming-commission-dns-belgium-cooperation,EU,2025,Belgium,Illegal gambling,Co-regulatory / Cooperative Measure,Gaming Commission – DNS Belgium cooperation,Gaming Commission working with DNS Belgium,Detect and curb illegal gambling aimed at Belgian users,DNS Provider | Domain Name Provider | Gambling Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Domain Name Enforcement,yes,unknown,Gaming Commission – DNS Belgium cooperation is a blocking measure/regime in Belgium. It is based on Gambling Act of 7 May 1999 plus 2025 cooperation agreement. Enforcement route: Gaming Commission working with DNS Belgium. Primary targets are Illegal gambling sites using .be and related Belgian domains. Technical note: Official communication emphasizes easier detection of illegal .be gambling sites; some trade press also describes wider IP-blocking capability.,Publicly documented strengthening of blocking/enforcement cooperation took effect in December 2025.,https://www.gamingcommission.be/en/samenwerkingsakkoord-met-dns-belgium,https://www.dnsbelgium.be/en/news/new-agreement-illegal-gambling-strengthens-online-safety,Unknown,In force,\”Very important as a general enabling provision: Unlike sector-specific special regimes in the sports or gambling sectors, L.336-2 establishes a general copyright mechanism to address intermediaries\”,EU,10,2026-07-01\r\neu-009,germany-2025-draft-second-amendment-to-the-interstate-gambling-treaty,EU,2025,Germany,Illegal gambling,Policy Proposal / Draft,Draft Second Amendment to the Interstate Gambling Treaty,German Länder / future GGL implementation,Clarify and broaden the legal basis for DNS-based blocking of illegal gambling sites,DNS Provider | Gambling Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Blocking Proposal / Draft,yes,no,Draft Second Amendment to the Interstate Gambling Treaty is a blocking measure/regime in Germany. It is based on Entwurf Zweiter Anderungsstaatsvertrag zum Glucksspielstaatsvertrag. Enforcement route: German Länder / future GGL implementation. Primary targets are Illegal online gambling offers. Technical note: Draft rationale says DNS blocking has become the regularly more proportionate blocking method in practice.,Pending reform as of April 2026; not yet in force.,https://www.innenministerkonferenz.de/IMK/DE/termine/to-beschluesse/2025-06-13_DOK/TOP_67_1.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1,https://www.vdai.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Entwurfstext_und_Erlaeuterungen_Not._2025-0360-DE_2.-GlueAendStV_2021.pdf,Unknown,Not in force,,EU,11,2026-07-01\r\neu-010,norway-2025-dns-blocking-of-illegal-gambling-sites,EU,2025,Norway,Illegal gambling,Administrative Measure,DNS blocking of illegal gambling sites,Norwegian Gambling Authority / ISPs,Safeguard players and uphold the exclusive-rights gambling model,DNS Provider | Gambling Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Site / Service Blocking,yes,no,DNS blocking of illegal gambling sites is a blocking measure/regime in Norway. It is based on 2025 amendment to Norway’s gambling framework. Enforcement route: Norwegian Gambling Authority / ISPs. Primary targets are Illegal gambling websites targeting Norway. Technical note: The regulator explicitly labels the regime DNS blocking.,Introduced in 2025; a recent addition to the European gambling-blocking map.,https://lottstift.no/en/dns-blocking-in-norway/,https://www.igamingtoday.com/Norway-intensifies-crackdown-on-unlicensed-gambling-with-dns-blocking-initiative/,Unknown,In force,,EU,12,2026-07-01\r\neu-011,eu-2024-digital-services-act,EU,2024,EU,General blocking framework,Legislation / Regulation,Digital Services Act,European Parliament and Council of the European Union,To define a controlled EU framework prioritizing platform-level enforcement while limiting blocking to proportionate last-resort measures.,Hosting | Platform Operator | Website Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,General Blocking Framework,no,no,\”The Digital Services Act does not create a new general network-blocking power. It regulates orders addressed to intermediary services and frames blocking-type measures as exceptional remedies subject to legality, proportionality and procedural safeguards.\”,\”For this tracker, the DSA is best understood as a general EU legal framework rather than a specific blocking regime. It reinforces that blocking orders must be targeted, lawful and compatible with fundamental rights.\”,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022R2065,https://verfassungsblog.de/dsa-website-blocking/,Unknown,In force,,EU,13,2026-07-01\r\neu-012,norway-2024-oslo-tingrett-extension-continuation-of-dns-blocking-kjennelse,EU,2024,Norway,Copyright / sports piracy,Court,Oslo tingrett – Extension/continuation of DNS blocking (Kjennelse),Oslo tingrett,To prolong DNS blocking of Premier League piracy sites in Norway for a further multi-year period.,DNS Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | Broadcaster | User,Unknown,Live / Real-Time Blocking,yes,no,The 2024 Oslo tingrett order continues Norway’s court-based DNS blocking regime for sports-piracy sites. It builds on the earlier 2018 Premier League blocking order and extends the duration of the injunction.,The court prolonged the existing blocking obligations against named sports-piracy services for a further period. The result is continuity of the Norwegian DNS-blocking model for live sports piracy.,https://block-No.altibox.net/2024-02-26_Kjennelse_.pdf,https://www.internetsociety.org/resources/policybriefs/2025/perspectives-on-internet-blocking-and-filtering/,Unknown,In force,,EU,14,2026-07-01\r\neu-013,spain-2024-sjm-b-309-2024-ecli-es-jmb-2024-309-laliga-liga-nacional-de-futbol-profesional-and-telefonica-audiovisual-digital-s-l-u-,EU,2024,Spain,Copyright / sports piracy,Court,\”SJM B 309/2024 – ECLI:ES:JMB:2024:309- LaLiga (Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional) and Telefónica Audiovisual Digital S.L.U. (Movistar+) v Central Spanish Telecommunications Providers (including Telefónica/Movistar, Vodafone, Orange/MásOrange, DIGI)\”,\”Juzgado de lo Mercantil No. 6, Barcelona\”,To enable dynamic IP blocking during live football matches against piracy infrastructure used for unauthorized streams.,Internet Service Provider | Hosting | Website Operator | Rights Holder | Broadcaster | User,\”Shared-IP enforcement reportedly took down thousands of lawful websites/apps hosted on Cloudflare and other CDNs, with reported examples including X, GitHub, Steam, Vimeo and the RAE website.\”,Live / Real-Time Blocking,no,yes,\”The Barcelona commercial court case concerned unauthorized live football transmissions distributed through online piracy infrastructure. The right holders sought dynamic IP blocking against access to infringing streams, particularly during live matches.\”,The court allowed IP blocking and permitted the blocking list to be updated over time during live events. This is a key example of dynamic sports-piracy blocking in Spain.,https://www.redes-sociales.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/sentencia-bloqueos-ips-laliga-SJM_B_309_2024.pdf,https://www.medianama.com/2025/06/223-la-liga-vs-cloudflare-piracy-court-order/,https://www.techradar.com/vpn/vpn-privacy-security/la-ligas-war-on-piracy-is-breaking-the-internet-in-spain-and-your-vpn-could-be-the-next-target,In force,Legal Basis for Spain’s Blocking Practices,EU,15,2026-07-01\r\neu-014,france-2023-arcep-avis-2023-0357-article-6-3-of-the-lcen-loi-pour-la-confiance-dans-l-economie-numerique,EU,2023,France,CSAM / unlawful / Prohibited content,Legislation / Regulation,ARCEP Avis 2023-0357 /Article 6-3 of the LCEN (Loi pour la confiance dans l’écoNomie numérique),ARCEP,To create an administrative follow-on mechanism for blocking mirror sites after an initial court order.,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Dynamic Blocking,unknown,unknown,ARCEP’s opinion addressed a draft decree implementing Article 6-3 LCEN on administrative follow-on blocking of mirror sites. The mechanism allows administrative action after a court has already ordered blocking of the main illegal service.,The mechanism enables faster blocking of mirror or replica services without starting a full new court procedure each time. It strengthens France’s administrative follow-up model for websites that reappear after judicial blocking.,https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000048108146,https://www.coe.int/rm/web/commissioner/-/le-blocage-arbitraire-d-internet-porte-atteinte-a-la-liberte-d-expression,Unknown,In force,\”A key component of administratively enforced mirror site blocking: rather than issuing a new, original court-ordered block for each individual mirror site, the system relies on a mechanism that builds upon an existing court order.\”,EU,16,2026-07-01\r\neu-015,italy-2023-agcom-piracy-shield-dynamic-lock-platform,EU,2023,Italy,Copyright / sports piracy,Administrative Measure,AGCOM – Piracy Shield (Dynamic Lock Platform),AGCOM,To operationalize a centralized dynamic DNS/IP blocking platform for live piracy under AGCOM orders.,Internet Service Provider | DNS Provider | Hosting | Website Operator | Rights Holder | Broadcaster | User | Public Authority,\”Piracy Shield has been reported to overblock lawful domains; later studies/media accounts say thousands of legitimate domains, including some Google-hosted services, were affected.\”,Live / Real-Time Blocking,yes,yes,\”Piracy Shield is Italy’s centralized platform for rapid DNS and IP blocking of live piracy. It allows right holders to submit blocking requests for infringing live content, which are then processed and transmitted to providers for implementation.\”,The platform became operational in February 2024 and created an automated route for real-time blocking orders. It is one of the most developed European examples of centralized DNS/IP live-piracy blocking.,https://www.agcom.it/competenze/antipirateria-e-piracy-shield/piattaforma-piracy-shield?utm_source=chatgpt.com,https://digitalpolicyalert.org/change/15712-communications-regulatory-authority-amended-online-copyright-regulations-expanding-piracy-shield-scope-for-dynamic-injunctions-over-live-and-audiovisual-content-resolution-20925cons,https://labs.ripe.net/author/antonio-prado/live-event-blocking-at-scale-effectiveness-vs-collateral-damage-in-italys-piracy-shield/,In force,,EU,17,2026-07-01\r\neu-016,germany-2023-sony-music-vs-quad9-oberlandesgericht-dresden-az-14-u-503-23,EU,2023,Germany,Copyright / piracy,Court,Sony Music vs. Quad9 / Oberlandesgericht Dresden (Az. 14 U 503/23),Higher Regional Court of Dresden,To limit DNS-resolver liability by rejecting blocking duties for a neutral public resolver Not hosting or transmitting content.,DNS Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User,Unknown,Intermediary Liability / Responsibility,yes,no,The Sony Music v Quad9 case concerned whether a public DNS resolver could be required to block domain resolution for a site allegedly linking to copyright-infringing content. Quad9 argued that it was a neutral DNS infrastructure provider.,The Higher Regional Court of Dresden ruled in favour of Quad9 and lifted the blocking order. The case limits attempts to impose copyright blocking duties on independent public DNS resolvers in Germany.,https://medien-internet-und-recht.de/pdf/VT-MIR-2024-Dok-009.pdf,https://freiheitsrechte.org/en/themen/demokratie/quad9-eng,Unknown,In force,,EU,18,2026-07-01\r\neu-017,france-2022-arcom-study-impact-du-blocage-sport,EU,2022,France,Copyright / sports piracy,Study / Report,ARCOM study: Impact du blocage (sport),ARCOM,To evaluate the effectiveness of French sports-piracy blocking and support rapid updates under the Code du sport regime.,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | Broadcaster | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Live / Real-Time Blocking,unknown,unknown,The ARCOM study assesses the effectiveness of French blocking measures against illegal sports streaming services. It provides empirical support for the French model of rapid blocking and intermediary cooperation in sports piracy cases.,The study supports the view that France has a comparatively formalized and data-driven sports-blocking regime. It is evidence-oriented rather than a blocking order itself.,https://www.arcom.fr/se-documenter/etudes-et-donnees/etudes-bilans-et-rapports-de-larcom/impact-du-blocage-des-services-illicites-de-sport-rapport-detude-quantitative,https://www.lemonde.fr/en/summer-reads/article/2025/08/14/hackers-versus-sports-broadcasters-a-tight-match-to-win-over-viewers_6744386_183.html,Unknown,In force,France established an intermediary-based blocking and delisting model early on that goes beyond traditional access provider blocks.,EU,19,2026-07-01\r\neu-018,germany-2022-germany-federal-court-of-justice-dns-blocking-i-zr-111-21,EU,2022,Germany,Copyright / piracy,Court,\”Germany – Federal Court of Justice \”\”DNS blocking\”\” (I ZR 111/21)\”,Federal Court of Justice (BGH),To clarify that DNS/IP blocking is permissible only as an ultima-ratio remedy after actions against operators and hosts fail.,DNS Provider | Hosting | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User,Unknown,Service-Provider Enforcement,yes,yes,The BGH case concerned claims by academic publishers against Deutsche Telekom for access-provider blocking of Sci-Hub and LibGen. The issue was when DNS or IP blocking may be required from an access provider.,The BGH held that access-provider blocking is possible only as a last resort. Rights holders must first make reasonable efforts against the website operator or host before seeking DNS/IP blocking from an ISP.,https://juris.bundesgerichtshof.de/cgi-bin/bgh_Notp/document.py?Art=en&Datum=2022&Gericht=bgh&Seite=37&Sort=2062&anz=2726&nr=82388&pos=1133,https://www.brak.de/newsroom/news/sperren-bleiben-das-letzte-mittel/,Unknown,In force,,EU,20,2026-07-01\r\neu-019,eu-2022-eu-regulation-2022-350-rt-sputnik,EU,2022,EU,Sanctions / state media,Legislation / Regulation,EU Regulation 2022/350 (RT/Sputnik),Council of the European Union,To prohibit EU-wide transmission and online distribution of Russian state media RT and Sputnik under sanctions law.,Broadcaster | Platform Operator | Website Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Service-Provider Enforcement,no,no,Council Regulation (EU) 2022/350 restricted the broadcasting and distribution of RT and Sputnik content in response to Russia’s aggression against Ukraine. The measure covers transmission and facilitation across multiple distribution channels.,\”The regulation prohibits transmission or facilitation of RT and Sputnik content within the EU. In practice, it led to platform, media-distribution and network-level access restrictions rather than a classic copyright-style site-blocking order.\”,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022R0350&from=DE,https://verfassungsblog.de/uberwachen-blocken-delisten/,Unknown,In force,,EU,21,2026-07-01\r\neu-020,france-2022-dynamic-blocking-for-illegal-live-sports-streams,EU,2022,France,Copyright / sports piracy,Court,Dynamic blocking for illegal live sports streams,Judicial orders requested by rightsholders / ARCOM framework,Rapidly disrupt unlawful live retransmission of sports events,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | Broadcaster | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Live / Real-Time Blocking,yes,yes,\”Dynamic blocking for illegal live sports streams is a blocking measure/regime in France. It is based on Code du sport, Article L333-10. Enforcement route: Judicial orders requested by rightsholders / ARCOM framework. Primary targets are Illegal streaming sites and mirror services for sports events. Technical note: Designed for rapidly updated blocks during or around live events.\”,Current article version is in force from 4 March 2022.,https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000044247629/,https://www.arcom.fr/presse/blocage-de-sites-terroristes-et-pedoporNographiques-transfert-de-la-competence-larcom-et-publication-par-la-cnil-du-rapport-dactivite-2021-de-la-personnalite-qualifiee,Unknown,In force,,EU,22,2026-07-01\r\neu-021,germany-2021-clearing-body-for-copyright-on-the-internet-cuii,EU,2021,Germany,Copyright / piracy,Co-regulatory / Cooperative Measure,clearing body for copyright on the internet (CUII),CUII,To coordinate DNS blocking of structurally infringing copyright websites by German ISPs through the CUII process.,Internet Service Provider | DNS Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User | Industry / Civil Society Body,Unknown,Cooperative / Voluntary Blocking,yes,no,\”CUII is a German industry clearing body through which right holders, access providers and DNS-related actors coordinate blocking of structurally infringing copyright websites. It operates as a voluntary/self-regulatory enforcement mechanism rather than a classic court order.\”,\”CUII has become an important German route for copyright site blocking, especially DNS blocking. The result is faster administrative-style blocking, but with continuing debate over transparency, judicial oversight and overblocking risks.\”,https://cuii.info/ueber-uns/,https://Nordemann.de/en/news/copyright-and-illegal-websites-cuii-founded/,Unknown,In force,,EU,23,2026-07-01\r\neu-022,portugal-2021-lei-n-o-82-2021-explicit-legal-basis-for-network-blocking,EU,2021,Portugal,Copyright / piracy,Legislation / Regulation,Lei n.º 82/2021 – explicit legal basis for network blocking,IGAC (Inspeção-Geral das Atividades Culturais),To establish an administrative legal basis for IGAC to order removal or access blocking of copyright-infringing content.,Internet Service Provider | Hosting | Platform Operator | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User | Public Authority,Unknown,General Blocking Framework,unknown,unknown,Portuguese Law No. 82/2021 creates an administrative framework for removal and access-blocking measures against copyright-infringing online services. It gives IGAC a formal role in notice-and-action and access-prevention procedures.,IGAC can require not only takedown but also access blocking where piracy sites remain available. The law establishes an explicit statutory basis for administrative copyright blocking in Portugal.,https://diariodarepublica.pt/dr/detalhe/lei/82-2021-175129343,https://cms.law/en/prt/publication/meet-the-law-access-to-protected-content-in-the-digital-environment-law-No.-82-2021-30-November,Unknown,In force,,EU,24,2026-07-01\r\neu-023,germany-2021-blocking-powers-under-glustv-2021,EU,2021,Germany,Illegal gambling,Legislation / Regulation,Blocking powers under GluStV 2021,Joint Gambling Authority of the Länder / state authorities,Steer players toward legal gambling and suppress illegal offers,Internet Service Provider | Gambling Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,General Blocking Framework,unknown,unknown,\”Blocking powers under GluStV 2021 is a blocking measure/regime in Germany. It is based on Glucksspielstaatsvertrag 2021, Section 9(1) sentence 3 No. 5. Enforcement route: Joint Gambling Authority of the Länder / state authorities. Primary targets are Illegal online gambling offers. Technical note: The current legal basis exists, but a 2025 Federal Administrative Court decision narrowed its use against access providers in at least one test case.\”,Useful to track because Germany has a live political process to rewrite the blocking basis after the 2025 court ruling.,https://www.gluecksspiel-behoerde.de/de/fuer-gluecksspielanbieter/gesetzliche-regelungen,https://www.bverwg.de/pm/2025/17,Unknown,In force,,EU,25,2026-07-01\r\neu-024,italy-2020-adm-site-blocking-lists,EU,2020,Italy,Illegal gambling,Administrative Measure,ADM site blocking lists,Agenzia delle dogane e dei moNopoli (ADM),Block access to unauthorized gambling sites and other prohibited online offers in ADM-controlled sectors,Internet Service Provider | Gambling Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Register / Blacklist Blocking,unknown,unknown,\”ADM site blocking lists is a blocking measure/regime in Italy. It is based on Article 102 of Decree-Law 104/2020, converted by Law 126/2020. Enforcement route: Agenzia delle dogane e dei monopoli (ADM). Primary targets are Unauthorized sites in regulated ADM sectors, including gambling-related site lists. Technical note: Public ADM materials focus on site blocking lists rather than one named technical method.\”,ADM regularly publishes updated lists of sites subject to blocking.,https://www.adm.gov.it/portale/inibizione-dei-siti-di-gioco-non-autorizzato,https://www.adm.gov.it/portale/siti-inibiti-tabacchi,Unknown,In force,,EU,26,2026-07-01\r\neu-025,sweden-2020-dynamic-blocking-injunctions,EU,2020,Sweden,Copyright / piracy,Court,Dynamic blocking injunctions,Patent and Market Court of Appeal; implemented by ISPs,Make copyright site blocking more effective against mirror and hopping sites,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User,Unknown,Dynamic Blocking,yes,unknown,\”Dynamic blocking injunctions is a blocking measure/regime in Sweden. It is based on PMCA case law confirming dynamic blocking injunctions. Enforcement route: Patent and Market Court of Appeal; implemented by ISPs. Primary targets are Pirate file-sharing and streaming services plus mirrors. Technical note: The case law focuses strongly on domains, web addresses and mirror behaviour.\”,A landmark appellate ruling in 2020 established Swedish dynamic blocking doctrine.,https://www.domstol.se/en/patent–och-marknadsoverdomstolen/patent–och-marknadsoverdomstolens-avgoranden/2020/77493/,https://legalblogs.wolterskluwer.com/copyright-blog/dynamic-blocking-injunction-confirmed-by-swedish-patent-and-market-court-of-appeal/,Unknown,In force,,EU,27,2026-07-01\r\neu-026,switzerland-2018-blocking-of-unlicensed-online-gambling-offers,EU,2018,Switzerland,Illegal gambling,Administrative Measure,Blocking of unlicensed online gambling offers,Swiss gambling regulators (ESBK / Gespa) with ISP blocking lists,Protect the licensed-only Swiss online gambling model and reduce addiction / fraud risks,Internet Service Provider | Gambling Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Site / Service Blocking,yes,unknown,Blocking of unlicensed online gambling offers is a blocking measure/regime in Switzerland. It is based on Federal Act on Gambling / Money Gaming Act. Enforcement route: Swiss gambling regulators (ESBK / Gespa) with ISP blocking lists. Primary targets are Unlicensed online gambling providers. Technical note: Public materials focus on blacklisted domains and ISP blocking obligations.,\”The legal framework took effect in 2019, with enforcement measures becoming applicable mid-2019.\”,https://www.admin.ch/en/gambling-act,https://practiceguides.chambers.com/practice-guides/gaming-law-2025/switzerland,Unknown,In force,,EU,28,2026-07-01\r\neu-027,norway-2018-start-of-the-2018-sports-piracy-ban-regime-in-norway,EU,2018,Norway,Copyright / sports piracy,Court,Start of the 2018 sports piracy ban regime in Norway,Oslo tingrett,To establish court-ordered DNS blocking against major Premier League live-stream piracy sites in Norway.,DNS Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | Broadcaster | User,Unknown,Live / Real-Time Blocking,yes,no,The 2018 Oslo tingrett order was the starting point for Norway’s court-ordered sports-piracy blocking regime. It targeted several live football and sports-streaming piracy services at the request of the Premier League.,\”Norwegian access providers were ordered to block named services such as LiveTV, EPLSite, Livefootballol and CricFree using DNS blocking. The order established the baseline model later extended in 2024.\”,https://block-No.altibox.net/2018-06-01_Kjennelse.pdf,https://www.internetsociety.org/resources/policybriefs/2025/perspectives-on-internet-blocking-and-filtering/,Unknown,In force,\”Key point for Norway: court-ordered DNS blocking under copyright law, based on the Norwegian Copyright Act; No DPI requirement, No general surveillance, No fully automated system.\”,EU,29,2026-07-01\r\neu-028,uk-2018-uk-supreme-court-in-cartier-international-ag-v-british-telecommunications-plc-and-others,EU,2018,UK,Trademark / blocking,Court,UK Supreme Court in Cartier International AG v. British Telecommunications plc and Others,Supreme Court of the United Kingdom,To extend blocking injunctions to trademark and counterfeit websites and clarify courts’ power and cost allocation.,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User,Unknown,Site / Service Blocking,unknown,unknown,Cartier concerned blocking injunctions against ISPs to prevent access to websites selling counterfeit goods. The case was important because it involved trade marks rather than copyright.,The UK Supreme Court confirmed that courts have jurisdiction to order ISP blocking for trade-mark infringement even without an express statutory blocking provision. It also addressed who should bear the costs of implementation.,https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/uksc-2016-0159,https://www.fieldfisher.com/en/services/intellectual-property/intellectual-property-blog/cartier-supreme-court-decision-blocking-injunctions-who-pays-for-implementation,Unknown,In force,,EU,30,2026-07-01\r\neu-029,eu-2017-ecj-c-610-15-brein-v-ziggo-xs4all,EU,2017,EU,Copyright / piracy,Court,ECJ C-610/15 Brein v Ziggo/XS4ALL,ECJ,\”To recognize The Pirate Bay as making works publicly available, supporting intermediary blocking orders.\”,Internet Service Provider | Platform Operator | Rights Holder | User,Unknown,Intermediary Liability / Responsibility,unknown,unknown,\”The CJEU case addressed whether The Pirate Bay itself communicated works to the public by indexing, organizing and promoting torrent links. The case did Not impose a blocking order directly, but strengthened the legal basis for blocking injunctions against platforms of this type.\”,The Court held that operating and knowingly facilitating a platform such as The Pirate Bay can amount to communication to the public. This made blocking and enforcement against such platforms easier under EU copyright law.,https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?docid=195233&doclang=EN,https://acr.amsterdam/nl/ecj-database/c-610-15,Unknown,In force,,EU,31,2026-07-01\r\neu-030,greece-2017-edppi-greece-live-site-blocking-administrative-orders-art-66e,EU,2017,Greece,Copyright,Administrative Measure,EDPPI (Greece) – live/site-blocking administrative orders (Art. 66E),EDPPI / Hellenic Copyright Organization (OPI),To provide rights holders with a fast administrative route for domain and IP blocking against online copyright infringements.,Internet Service Provider | Hosting | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Live / Real-Time Blocking,yes,yes,\”Greece’s EDPPI regime provides an administrative route for rapid blocking of copyright-infringing online services, including live piracy. The procedure can cover both domain and IP blocking and is designed to avoid lengthy court proceedings.\”,Rights holders can obtain fast administrative blocking orders without first going through a full court process. The model is particularly relevant for live events and repeat piracy services.,https://www.edppi.gr/information_en,https://www.jipitec.eu/jipitec/article/view/227,Unknown,In force,,EU,32,2026-07-01\r\neu-031,poland-2017-ministerstwo-finansow-blacklist-regime,EU,2017,Poland,Illegal gambling,Administrative Measure,Ministerstwo Finansów – Blacklist Regime,Polish Ministry of Finance,To maintain a public gambling-domain register and require ISPs to block listed sites within 48 hours.,Internet Service Provider | Gambling Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Register / Blacklist Blocking,yes,no,Poland’s Ministry of Finance maintains a register of domains offering online gambling in Poland without the required licence. Listed domains are used to trigger access restrictions and user redirect Notices.,The register creates a blacklist-based blocking system for unlicensed gambling services. Users attempting to access listed domains can be redirected to an official Notice page.,https://www.gov.pl/web/finanse/rejestr-domen-sluzacych-do-oferowania-gier-hazardowych-niezgodnie-z-ustawa,https://www.internetsociety.org/resources/policybriefs/2025/perspectives-on-internet-blocking-and-filtering/,Unknown,In force,,EU,33,2026-07-01\r\neu-032,czech-republic-2017-state-ordered-network-blocking-in-the-czech-republic-to-enforce-national-gambling-regulation,EU,2017,Czech Republic,Illegal gambling,Administrative Measure,State-ordered network blocking in the Czech Republic to enforce national gambling regulation,CTU (Český telekomunikační úřad – Czech Telecommunications Authority),\”To enforce national gambling licensing by requiring ISPs to block listed illegal websites, accounts or apps.\”,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | Gambling Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Register / Blacklist Blocking,yes,yes,\”The Czech gambling regime relies on a public register of illegal online gambling services maintained by the Ministry of Finance. The register may cover URLs, domains and IP addresses connected to unlicensed gambling offers.\”,Internet access providers must block access within a statutory period after a service is entered in the register. The model is a register-based URL/domain/IP blocking regime.,https://ctu.gov.cz/en/press-release-blocking-illegal-gambling-shall-be-responsibility-access-providers,https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1089/glr2.2017.2155,Unknown,In force,,EU,34,2026-07-01\r\neu-033,sweden-2017-pmod-pmt-11706-15-pmod-2017-1-blocking-tpb-and-swefilmer,EU,2017,Sweden,Copyright / piracy,Court,PMÖD PMT 11706-15 (PMÖD 2017:1) – Blocking TPB & Swefilmer,Patent and Market Court of Appeal (PMÖD),\”To order targeted, time-limited blocking of The Pirate Bay and Swefilmer under EU copyright intermediary rules.\”,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User,Unknown,Site / Service Blocking,yes,no,The Swedish Patent and Market Court of Appeal required an ISP to block access to The Pirate Bay and Swefilmer. The case concerned implementation of Article 8(3) of the InfoSoc Directive in Swedish copyright law.,The decision confirmed that Swedish courts can order intermediaries such as ISPs to block access to copyright-infringing services. It became a key Swedish precedent for court-ordered website blocking.,https://www.domstol.se/patent–och-marknadsoverdomstolen/patent–och-marknadsoverdomstolens-avgoranden/2017/59538/,https://academic.oup.com/jiplp/article/12/5/368/3738867,Unknown,Not in force,https://www.domstol.se/patent–och-marknadsoverdomstolen/patent–och-marknadsoverdomstolens-avgoranden/2017/59538/,EU,35,2026-07-01\r\neu-034,lithuania-2016-illegal-online-gambling-blacklist,EU,2016,Lithuania,Illegal gambling,Administrative Measure,Illegal online gambling blacklist,Gaming Control Authority,Block unlicensed gambling offers and protect the regulated market,Internet Service Provider | Gambling Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Register / Blacklist Blocking,yes,no,Illegal online gambling blacklist is a Lithuania blocking measure/regime. It is based on Gaming Law of the Republic of Lithuania. Enforcement route: Gaming Control Authority. Primary targets are Illegal online gambling operators and domains. Technical Note: Official materials pair DNS blocking with payment blocking..,The blacklist is updated regularly and remains a live enforcement tool.,https://lpt.lrv.lt/en/news/updated-list-of-illegal-online-gaming-operators/,https://www.gamblinginsider.com/news/30141/lithuanian-control-authority-blacklist-reaches-1910-domains,Unknown,In force,,EU,36,2026-07-01\r\neu-035,france-2015-loi-pour-la-confiance-dans-l-economie-numerique-lcen-supplement-article-6-1-decret-2015-125,EU,2015,France,\”CSAM\nTerrorism\”,Legislation / Regulation,Loi pour la confiance dans l’écoNomie numérique (LCEN) – Supplement Article 6-1 / Décret 2015-125,OCLCTIC / French Ministry of Interior,To empower French authorities to order administrative blocking of CSAM and terrorist content without prior court orders.,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,General Blocking Framework,yes,yes,Article 6-1 LCEN and Decree 2015-125 establish an administrative blocking mechanism for terrorist content and child sexual abuse material in France. OCLCTIC and the Ministry of Interior coordinate the blocking requests sent to providers.,The decree sets out how administrative access blocking is implemented in practice. It is a continuing French legal basis for blocking CSAM and terrorist content outside ordinary civil copyright proceedings.,https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000030195477,https://www.coe.int/rm/web/commissioner/-/le-blocage-arbitraire-d-internet-porte-atteinte-a-la-liberte-d-expression,Unknown,In force,Administrative Suspension Order (LCEN Art. 6‑1),EU,37,2026-07-01\r\neu-036,germany-2015-1-26-bgh-i-zr-3-14-and-i-zr-174-14,EU,2015,Germany,Copyright / intermediary liability,Court,1-26 BGH I ZR 3/14 & I ZR 174/14,BGH,\”To define when access-provider blocking can be required under interference liability, subject to strict proportionality and subsidiarity.\”,Internet Service Provider | Hosting | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User,Unknown,Intermediary Liability / Responsibility,yes,unknown,The BGH cases addressed whether German access providers can be liable as interferers and required to block copyright-infringing websites when direct action against operators or hosts is ineffective.,The BGH accepted access-provider blocking in principle but set strict conditions. Blocking is available only after reasonable prior steps against more direct infringers have failed and proportionality is respected.,https://www.bundesgerichtshof.de/SharedDocs/Entscheidungen/DE/Zivilsenate/I_ZS/2014/I_ZR_174-14.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2,https://www.lto.de/recht/hintergruende/h/bgh-i-zr-3-14-174-14-access-provider-haftung-netzsperren-gema,Unknown,In force,Opens the door to access provider blocking,EU,38,2026-07-01\r\neu-037,germany-2015-bgh-i-zr-3-14,EU,2015,Germany,Copyright / piracy,Court,BGH I ZR 3/14,BGH,To test provider blocking for Goldesel.to and emphasize that prior action against site operators and hosts is required.,Internet Service Provider | Hosting | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User,Unknown,Intermediary Liability / Responsibility,yes,yes,The Goldesel.to case tested whether an access provider had to block a website linking extensively to illegal downloads. The key question was whether the rights holders had first pursued the website operator and hosting provider sufficiently.,\”The BGH rejected a blocking obligation in this specific case. The rights holders had not sufficiently exhausted more direct enforcement options, so access-provider blocking was not yet proportionate.\”,https://juris.bundesgerichtshof.de/cgi-bin/bgh_Notp/document.py?Art=en&Blank=1&Datum=2015-11-26&Gericht=bgh&anz=19&nr=37939&pos=16,https://www.offenenetze.de/2015/11/27/access-provider-und-netzsperren-eine-erste-analyse-zu-bgh-3dl-am-und-goldesel/,Unknown,In force,Opens the door to access provider blocking,EU,39,2026-07-01\r\neu-038,portugal-2015-self-regulation-cooperation-agreement-on-the,EU,2015,Portugal,Copyright / piracy,Co-regulatory / Cooperative Measure,Self-Regulation/Cooperation Agreement on the,IGAC / MAPiNET / APRITEL / DNS.PT,\”To accelerate copyright site blocking through voluntary cooperation between IGAC, ISPs and rights holders.\”,Internet Service Provider | Domain Name Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | Public Authority | Industry / Civil Society Body,Unknown,Cooperative / Voluntary Blocking,yes,no,\”Portugal’s 2015 voluntary agreement is an out-of-court cooperation model for copyright website blocking. Rights holders report suspected infringing sites to MAPiNET, which coordinates with IGAC, access providers and DNS.PT.\”,\”The model enables relatively fast blocking without a full court case. It is an example of domain-focused enforcement cooperation between right holders, public bodies and internet intermediaries.\”,https://www.pt.pt/en/news/memorandum-combating-piracy-and-infringement-of-copyright-and-related-rights-online/,https://edri.org/our-work/portugal-voluntary-agreement-copyright-infringements/,Unknown,In force,,EU,40,2026-07-01\r\neu-039,romania-2015-onjn-blacklist-blocking-of-unlicensed-gambling-sites,EU,2015,Romania,Illegal gambling,Administrative Measure,ONJN – Blacklist/Blocking of Unlicensed Gambling Sites,ONJN (Romanian National Gambling Office),To block access from Romania to unlicensed online gambling sites through an administrative blacklist sent to ISPs.,Internet Service Provider | Gambling Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Register / Blacklist Blocking,unknown,unknown,Romania’s ONJN regime uses administrative decisions and a blacklist to restrict access to unlicensed online gambling websites. The blacklist is communicated to internet service providers for implementation against users in Romania.,The practical result is administrative website blocking of unlicensed gambling operators. The row should be treated as a regulatory blacklist model rather than a court-based blocking injunction.,https://onjn.gov.ro/,https://www.wired.com/beyond-the-beyond/2015/08/latest-edri-gram-24,Unknown,In force,,EU,41,2026-07-01\r\neu-040,portugal-2015-srij-blocking-of-unauthorized-online-gambling-sites,EU,2015,Portugal,Illegal gambling,Administrative Measure,SRIJ blocking of unauthorized online gambling sites,SRIJ / ISPs,Prevent access to unauthorized online gambling and protect the licensed market,Internet Service Provider | Gambling Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Site / Service Blocking,unknown,unknown,SRIJ blocking of unauthorized online gambling sites is a Portugal blocking measure/regime. It is based on Decree-Law 66/2015 and the Portuguese online gambling framework. Enforcement route: SRIJ / ISPs. Primary targets are Unauthorized online gambling websites. Technical Note: Public materials emphasize cooperation with ISPs and scale of blocked sites rather than a single technical modality..,Reported public blocking programme has been operating since 2015.,https://www.srij.turismodeportugal.pt/pt,https://iclg.com/briefing/22426-enforcing-the-odds-portugal-s-measures-against-illegal-gambling-operations,Unknown,In force,,EU,42,2026-07-01\r\neu-041,eu-2014-upc-telekabel-wien-c-314-12,EU,2014,EU,Copyright / piracy,Court,UPC Telekabel Wien (C-314/12),ECJ,\”To establish EU-level legality of access-provider website blocking subject to proportionality, user rights and No general monitoring.\”,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User,Unknown,Site / Service Blocking,yes,unknown,UPC Telekabel concerned whether a court can order an access provider to block customer access to a copyright-infringing website even where the provider has No contractual relationship with the infringing site.,\”The CJEU held that website blocking can be lawful if it strikes a fair balance between copyright protection, business freedom and users’ freedom of information. The case is a foundational EU authority for access-provider blocking.\”,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62012CJ0314,https://www.jipitec.eu/jipitec/article/view/141,Unknown,In force,Grundlagenentscheidung für DNS/IP‑Blocking,EU,43,2026-07-01\r\neu-042,ireland-2014-ireland-garda-blocking-initiative,EU,2014,Ireland,CSAM,Co-regulatory / Cooperative Measure,Ireland (Garda Blocking Initiative),An Garda Síochána,To voluntarily block access to CSAM domains via police-maintained lists implemented by participating Irish ISPs.,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Cooperative / Voluntary Blocking,yes,no,\”The Garda Blocking Initiative is a voluntary, police-coordinated Irish blocking model targeting access to child sexual abuse material. Participating ISPs implement blocking based on lists supplied through law-enforcement cooperation.\”,The initiative operates on a voluntary basis but appears to have broad ISP participation. It is best categorized as a self-regulatory or administrative CSAM blocking model.,https://www.garda.ie/en/about-us/our-departments/office-of-corporate-communications/press-releases/2014/november/an-garda-siochana-sign-mou-with-upc-on-the-restriction-of-child-sexual-abuse-material-online.html,https://edri.org/our-work/irish_isp_introduces_blocking/,Unknown,In force,,EU,44,2026-07-01\r\neu-043,latvia-2014-iaui-blacklist-regime-available-online,EU,2014,Latvia,Illegal gambling,Administrative Measure,IAUI Blacklist Regime; available online,Latvian State Regulatory Authority for Lotteries and Gaming,To prevent access to unlicensed gambling websites through a regulator-maintained blacklist and ISP blocking obligations.,Internet Service Provider | Gambling Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Register / Blacklist Blocking,yes,yes,\”Latvia’s IAUI regime uses a public blacklist of unlicensed interactive gambling websites. Internet providers are required or expected to restrict access to listed services, including through domain and potentially IP-based measures.\”,\”Since 2014, Latvia has blocked access to unlicensed online gambling platforms. The model is similar to other Baltic gambling blacklists and remains an administrative domain/IP blocking regime.\”,https://www.iaui.gov.lv/lv/jaunums/izlozu-un-azartspelu-uzraudzibas-inspekcija-publice-2024gada-1ceturksna-azartspelu-tirgus-rezultatus,https://www.internetsociety.org/resources/policybriefs/2025/perspectives-on-internet-blocking-and-filtering/,Unknown,In force,,EU,45,2026-07-01\r\neu-044,belgium-2013-the-pirate-bay-hof-van-cassatie-p-13-0551-n,EU,2013,Belgium,Copyright / piracy,Court,The-Pirate-Bay-/Hof van Cassatie P.13.0551.N,Hof van Cassatie / Court of Cassation of Belgium,To confirm that Belgian ISPs may be ordered to block websites systematically facilitating copyright infringement.,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User,Unknown,Site / Service Blocking,yes,no,The Belgian Pirate Bay case concerned whether ISPs could be required to block access to The Pirate Bay. The case focused on systematic website blocking as a copyright enforcement measure against a well-kNown piracy platform.,The Court of Cassation confirmed that internet access providers can be ordered to block websites that facilitate copyright infringement. The decision is a Belgian precedent for DNS-based Pirate Bay blocking.,https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=e455bafd-cf8a-46f4-a50e-ba1395528c17,https://wilmap.stanford.edu/entries/supreme-court-criminal-belgacom-sanv-scarlet-sanv-pirate-bay-case-ii-p130551n1-october-22,Unknown,In force,Landmark ruling on the legality of network blocks (DNS blocks) against websites with illegal content,EU,46,2026-07-01\r\neu-045,eu-2012-sabam-and-netlog,EU,2012,EU,Copyright / intermediary liability,Court,SABAM & Netlog,ECJ,To reject mandatory preventive upload filtering and general monitoring obligations for hosting and social platforms.,Platform Operator | Hosting | Rights Holder | User,Unknown,Intermediary Liability / Responsibility,no,no,SABAM v Netlog concerned a request to require a social network to install a preventive filtering system for user uploads. The requested measure would have monitored content broadly to detect copyright infringement.,\”The CJEU rejected the proposed general filtering obligation. It found that such preventive filtering would conflict with EU rules against general monitoring and could undermine privacy, data protection and freedom of information.\”,https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-360/10,https://www.lexgo.be/en/news-and-articles/1086-sabam-denied-netlog-filtering-demand-by-ecj,Unknown,In force,,EU,47,2026-07-01\r\neu-046,eu-2012-scarlet-extended-sa-scarlet-v-societe-belge-des-auteurs-compositeurs-et-editeurs-scrl-sabam,EU,2012,EU,Copyright / intermediary liability,Court,\”Scarlet Extended SA (Scarlet) v Société belge des auteurs, compositeurs et éditeurs SCRL (SABAM)\”,ECJ,To prohibit blanket ISP filtering of all traffic to prevent peer-to-peer copyright infringement.,Internet Service Provider | Rights Holder | User,Unknown,Intermediary Liability / Responsibility,no,no,Scarlet Extended concerned a demand that an ISP install a general filtering system across its network to prevent peer-to-peer copyright infringement. The measure would have required systematic monitoring of all customer traffic.,The CJEU held that ISPs cannot be required to operate a general and indefinite filtering system. The decision is a key EU limit on DPI-style or blanket network filtering obligations.,https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-70/10,https://edri.org/our-work/edrigramnumber9-8self-regulation-sabam-scarlet-case/,Unknown,In force,,EU,48,2026-07-01\r\neu-047,denmark-2012-court-approved-blocking-of-illegal-gambling-sites,EU,2012,Denmark,Illegal gambling,Court,Court-approved blocking of illegal gambling sites,Danish Gambling Authority seeks court orders; telecom providers implement,Prevent access to unlicensed gambling offers,Internet Service Provider | Gambling Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Site / Service Blocking,yes,no,Court-approved blocking of illegal gambling sites is a Denmark blocking measure/regime. It is based on Danish Gambling Act enforcement practice. Enforcement route: Danish Gambling Authority seeks court orders; telecom providers implement. Primary targets are Illegal gambling websites. Technical Note: The regulator explicitly describes the method as a DNS blocker..,The authority states that systematic website blocking has been used since 2012.,https://www.spillemyndigheden.dk/en/news/danish-gambling-authority-blocks-178-illegal-gambling-sites,https://www.gcauthority.com/news/889-denmark-blocks-178-igaming-sites-in-broadest-ever-enforcement,Unknown,In force,,EU,49,2026-07-01\r\neu-048,ireland-2012-isp-injunctions-under-section-40-5a,EU,2012,Ireland,Copyright / piracy,Court,ISP injunctions under Section 40(5A),High Court injunctions against ISPs,\”Protect copyright online, including live sports broadcasts\”,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | Broadcaster | User,Unknown,Live / Real-Time Blocking,yes,yes,\”ISP injunctions under Section 40(5A) is a Ireland blocking measure/regime. It is based on European Union (Copyright and Related Rights) Regulations 2012 and Copyright and Related Rights Act 2000, Section 40(5A). Enforcement route: High Court injunctions against ISPs. Primary targets are Piracy sites and live illicit streaming sources. Technical Note: Irish courts have used Section 40(5A) for both site blocks and live blocking orders keyed to IP addresses..\”,Domestic legal basis was put in place in 2012; later case law expanded practical use.,https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/59/made/en/print,https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2000/act/28/section/40/enacted/en/html,Unknown,In force,,EU,50,2026-07-01\r\neu-049,estonia-2011-emta-blacklist-regime,EU,2011,Estonia,Illegal gambling,Administrative Measure,EMTA – Blacklist Regime,EMTA (Estonian Tax and Customs Authority),To require blocking of unlicensed gambling domains and server addresses through an official public blacklist.,Internet Service Provider | Gambling Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Register / Blacklist Blocking,yes,yes,\”The Estonian Tax and Customs Board maintains an official list of unlicensed gambling websites. The list can include domains and, in some cases, server addresses that Estonian providers must block.\”,Estonian ISPs must restrict access to listed illegal gambling services. The regime combines public blacklist publication with DNS-based blocking obligations.,https://www.emta.ee/en/business-client/registration-business/gambling-operators/blocked-gambling-websites,https://www.internetsociety.org/resources/policybriefs/2025/perspectives-on-internet-blocking-and-filtering/,Unknown,In force,,EU,51,2026-07-01\r\neu-050,eu-2011-article-25-of-directive-2011-93-eu,EU,2011,EU,CSAM,Legislation / Regulation,Article 25 of Directive 2011/93/EU:,European Parliament and Council of the European Union,\”To require removal of CSAM webpages and allow proportionate, transparent access blocking as a complementary safeguard.\”,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,General Blocking Framework,unknown,unknown,\”Article 25 of Directive 2011/93/EU requires Member States to pursue removal of webpages containing child sexual abuse material and permits them to adopt measures to block access to such webpages, subject to safeguards.\”,The provision creates an EU-level basis for national CSAM access-blocking measures but leaves implementation to Member States. It is a legal framework rather than a single blocking list or order.,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32011L0093,https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8049013,Unknown,In force,,EU,52,2026-07-01\r\neu-051,uk-2011-twentieth-century-fox-film-corp-and-ors-v-british-telecommunications-plc,EU,2011,UK,Copyright / piracy,Court,Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp & Ors v British Telecommunications plc,High Court of Justice (England and Wales),To authorize ISP blocking injunctions against Newzbin2 even where the ISP is Not itself an infringer.,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User,Unknown,Site / Service Blocking,no,yes,The Newzbin2 case asked whether a court could order an ISP that was Not itself an infringer to block customer access to a third-party copyright-infringing website.,The High Court ordered BT to block access to Newzbin2. The decision established one of the earliest UK ISP website-blocking injunctions and confirmed that access providers can be required to assist enforcement.,https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Ch/2011/1981.html,https://www.theguardian.com/techNology/2011/jul/28/high-court-bt-filesharing-website-newzbin2,Unknown,In force,,EU,53,2026-07-01\r\neu-052,greece-2011-hgc-blacklist-of-unlicensed-gambling-operators,EU,2011,Greece,Illegal gambling,Administrative Measure,HGC blacklist of unlicensed gambling operators,Hellenic Gaming Commission,Prevent access to unlicensed gambling providers,Internet Service Provider | Gambling Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Register / Blacklist Blocking,yes,yes,HGC blacklist of unlicensed gambling operators is a Greece blocking measure/regime. It is based on Greek gambling law framework; HGC blacklist regime. Enforcement route: Hellenic Gaming Commission. Primary targets are Unlicensed online gambling websites. Technical Note: The official blacklist explicitly includes domain names and/or Internet Protocol addresses..,The mechanism is one of the clearer examples of a public domain/IP blacklist for gambling.,https://www.gamingcommission.gov.gr/index.php/en/mitroa/black-list,https://www.advennt.com/news/news/hgc-enforcement-and-2026-reforms/,Unknown,In force,,EU,54,2026-07-01\r\neu-053,spain-2011-precautionary-and-definitive-blocking-against-illegal-gambling-operators,EU,2011,Spain,Illegal gambling,Administrative Measure,Precautionary and definitive blocking against illegal gambling operators,DGOJ / information-society service providers,Stop illegal online gambling and protect the regulated market,Internet Service Provider | Gambling Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Site / Service Blocking,unknown,unknown,Precautionary and definitive blocking against illegal gambling operators is a Spain blocking measure/regime. It is based on Law 13/2011 on the regulation of gambling. Enforcement route: DGOJ / information-society service providers. Primary targets are Illegal gambling operators and their sites. Technical Note: Public summaries stress blocking via service providers but usually do Not disclose the exact technical method in each case..,Spain remains an important jurisdiction for gambling-focused access blocking.,https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-9280,https://www.ordenacionjuego.es/cmis/browser?id=workspace%3A%2F%2FSpacesStore%2F0d6943a1-7fd0-4001-bb18-f1ec63608151,Unknown,In force,,EU,55,2026-07-01\r\neu-054,denmark-2010-h-jesteret-27-05-2010-the-pirate-bay-blocking,EU,2010,Denmark,Copyright / piracy,Court,Højesteret 27.05.2010 (The Pirate Bay Blocking),Højesteret (Supreme Court of Denmark),To require ISP blocking of The Pirate Bay as an early precedent for copyright site blocking.,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User,Unknown,Site / Service Blocking,yes,unknown,The Danish Supreme Court case concerned an injunction requiring the ISP SoNofon to block access to The Pirate Bay. It arose from right-holder efforts to prevent access to a major copyright-infringing platform.,The Supreme Court confirmed that an ISP can be ordered to block The Pirate Bay. The decision helped establish Denmark’s court-ordered website blocking practice for copyright cases.,http://www.domstol.dk/hojesteret/Documents/Domme/153-09.pdf,https://edri.org/our-work/edrigramnumber8-11piratebay-denmark-supreme-court/,Unknown,In force,Early European landmark ruling on blocking The Pirate Bay.,EU,56,2026-07-01\r\neu-055,france-2010-anj-regime-vs-illegal-online-gambling-art-61-loi-2010-476,EU,2010,France,Illegal gambling,Legislation / Regulation,ANJ: Regime vs. illegal online gambling (Art. 61 Loi 2010-476),ANJ (Autorité Nationale des Jeux),To create a Notice-based enforcement regime allowing blocking and de-listing of illegal online gambling services.,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | Gambling Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,General Blocking Framework,unknown,unknown,France’s 2010 online gambling framework empowered the national gambling regulator to act against illegal gambling sites. The regime includes access-blocking and de-listing measures against operators targeting the French market without authorization.,\”The ANJ framework enables administrative enforcement against illegal gambling interfaces after statutory procedures are followed. It is a regulatory blocking model, not a copyright case.\”,https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/article_lc/LEGIARTI000045294018,https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2026/02/04/how-france-s-lottery-operator-fuels-the-toxic-online-casiNo-ecosystem-in-the-comoros_6750148_8.html,Unknown,In force,\”A key outcome of the regime is the institutionalized involvement of access providers, hosting providers, and other intermediaries in law enforcement, without forcing them to comply with general surveillance obligations.\”,EU,57,2026-07-01\r\neu-056,uk-2010-twentieth-century-fox-film-corp-and-ors-v-newzbin-ltd,EU,2010,UK,Copyright / piracy,Court,Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp & Ors v Newzbin Ltd,High Court of Justice (England and Wales),To establish that Newzbin actively authorized and facilitated mass copyright infringement through its indexing service.,Website Operator | Rights Holder | User,Unknown,Site / Service Blocking,no,no,Newzbin was a Usenet indexing site that organized and enabled access to copyright-infringing films and other content. The High Court assessed whether the site authorized or facilitated infringement on a large scale.,\”The court held that Newzbin authorized and facilitated substantial copyright infringement. Although the case was against the site itself, it set up the later Newzbin2 proceedings against BT for ISP-level blocking.\”,https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Ch/2010/608.html,https://academic.oup.com/jiplp/article-pdf/6/12/854/2574556/jpr153.pdf,Unknown,In force,,EU,58,2026-07-01\r\neu-057,italy-2006-legge-n-38-of-6-february-2006,EU,2006,Italy,CSAM,Legislation / Regulation,Legge n. 38 of 6 February 2006,\”Centro Nazionale per il Contrasto della PedoporNografia Online (CNCPO)\nAGCOM\”,To mandate ISP blocking of verified CSAM websites through a confidential national blacklist maintained by CNCPO.,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Register / Blacklist Blocking,unknown,unknown,Italy’s Law No. 38/2006 created a national system against online child sexual abuse material and terrorism-related content. CNCPO acts as the central authority identifying and listing offending online resources for provider-level blocking.,\”Unlike voluntary models, Italian provider participation is legally required. ISPs must implement blocking based on the official list, making this a mandatory administrative blacklist regime.\”,https://www.poliziadistato.it/articolo/centro-nazionale-per-il-contrasto-alla-pedopornografia-sulla-rete,https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8049013,Unknown,In force,,EU,59,2026-07-01\r\neu-058,finland-2006-act-1068-20-act-on-measures-to-prevent-the-dissemination-of-child-pornography,EU,2006,Finland,CSAM,Legislation / Regulation,Act 1068/20 – Act on Measures to Prevent the Dissemination of Child PorNography,Finnish Police,To enable voluntary ISP blocking of foreign CSAM sites based on a confidential police list with ex-post review.,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Cooperative / Voluntary Blocking,unknown,unknown,Finland’s Act 1068/2006 creates a framework for preventing access to foreign websites containing child sexual abuse material. The police identify sites and providers may implement blocking on a voluntary basis.,\”The Finnish system combines police identification with voluntary ISP implementation. It is narrower than a mandatory blacklist regime, but has been criticized for transparency and overblocking concerns.\”,https://www.finlex.fi/en/legislation/collection/2006/1068,https://wilmap.stanford.edu/entries/act-10682006-measures-preventing-propagation-child-porNography-december-2006,Unknown,In force,,EU,60,2026-07-01\r\neu-059,denmark-2005-b-rnepornofilter,EU,2005,Denmark,CSAM,Voluntary / Self-regulatory Measure,børneporNofilter,Rigspolitiet (Danish National Police),To voluntarily block clearly illegal CSAM domains through cooperation between police and Danish ISPs.,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Cooperative / Voluntary Blocking,yes,no,Denmark’s børneporNofilter is a voluntary cooperation scheme between the national police and internet providers to block domains associated with CSAM. The police identify domains and participating ISPs implement DNS-level blocking.,The model is based on self-regulation rather than a direct statutory blocking duty. It is a domain-focused law-enforcement cooperation mechanism for CSAM.,https://stop.dktv.dk/english.html,https://researchrepository.ucd.ie/entities/publication/555f6991-5e4a-4fcf-99f0-885033d2716d,Unknown,In force,,EU,61,2026-07-01\r\neu-060,uk-2004-cleanfeed-internet-watch-foundation-url-list,EU,2004,UK,CSAM,Voluntary / Self-regulatory Measure,Cleanfeed – Internet Watch Foundation URL List,Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) / BT,To block IWF-listed CSAM URLs in the UK through BT’s Cleanfeed and later broader industry filtering practices.,Internet Service Provider | Website Operator | User | Industry / Civil Society Body,Unknown,Register / Blacklist Blocking,no,no,Cleanfeed was developed by BT and the Internet Watch Foundation to block access to URLs on the IWF child sexual abuse material list. It operates as a URL-list-based filtering system rather than a simple domain blacklist.,The system became a widely referenced UK model for CSAM blocking. It has also illustrated the risk that URL-list filtering can affect lawful services when implementation or classification errors occur.,https://www.iwf.org.uk/our-techNology/our-services/url-list/,https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/17971,Unknown,In force,,EU,62,2026-07-01\r\neu-061,france-2009-article-l-336-2-of-the-code-de-la-propriete-intellectuelle-cpi,EU,2009,France,General blocking framework,Legislation / Regulation,Article L.336-2 of the Code de la propriété intellectuelle (CPI),French courts under Article L.336-2 CPI,To provide a flexible legal basis for French courts to order measures against intermediaries to stop copyright infringement.,Internet Service Provider | Hosting | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User | Public Authority,Unknown,General Blocking Framework,unknown,unknown,Article L.336-2 CPI is France’s central statutory basis for court-ordered copyright blocking. It enables courts to order measures against intermediaries to prevent or stop online copyright infringement.,The provision is a flexible civil prevention tool rather than a criminal blocking rule. It underpins many French copyright and sports-piracy blocking orders.,https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000038791094/,https://www.labase-lextenso.fr/l-essentiel-droit-de-la-propriete-intellectuelle/2024-n3/article-l-336-2-du-code-de-la-propriete-intellectuelle-et-ordonnance-sur-requete-DPI202e4,Unknown,In force,\”Very important as a general enabling provision: Unlike sector-specific special regimes in the sports or gambling sectors, L.336-2 establishes a general copyright mechanism to address intermediaries\”,EU,63,2026-07-01\r\nint-001,australia-2015-federal-court-site-blocking-injunctions,International,2015,Australia,Copyright / piracy,Court,Federal Court site-blocking injunctions,Federal Court; implemented by ISPs,Reduce access to offshore copyright-infringing online locations,Internet Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User,Unknown,Site / Service Blocking,yes,yes,\”Federal Court site-blocking injunctions is a blocking measure/regime in Australia. It is based on Copyright Act 1968, s 115A. Enforcement route: Federal Court; implemented by ISPs. Primary targets are Copyright-infringing online locations outside Australia. Technical note: Statute also references URLs and search de-indexing.\”,\”Section 115A expressly contemplates domain names, URLs and IP addresses.\”,https://www.legislation.gov.au/C1968A00063/2019-01-01,https://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca1968133/s115a.html,Unknown,In force,,Int,3,2026-07-01\r\nint-002,australia-2019-acma-blocking-of-illegal-offshore-gambling-sites,International,2019,Australia,Illegal gambling,Administrative Measure,ACMA blocking of illegal offshore gambling sites,ACMA requests ISP blocking,Protect consumers and restrict access to illegal online gambling,Internet Provider | Gambling Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Register / Blacklist Blocking,unknown,unknown,ACMA blocking of illegal offshore gambling sites is a blocking measure/regime in Australia. It is based on Interactive Gambling Act 2001 (ACMA enforcement). Enforcement route: ACMA requests ISP blocking. Primary targets are Illegal gambling and affiliate websites. Technical note: Public ACMA pages describe ISP website blocking but not the precise technical method.,ACMA says first blocking requests were issued in 2019 and the blocked list is updated regularly.,https://www.acma.gov.au/blocked-gambling-websites,https://www.acma.gov.au/articles/2026-03/latest-illegal-online-gambling-websites-blocked,Unknown,In force,,Int,4,2026-07-01\r\nint-003,canada-2019-goldtv-site-blocking-orders,International,2019,Canada,Copyright / piracy,Court,GoldTV site-blocking orders,Federal Court; implemented by Canadian ISPs,Disrupt access to pirate streaming services,Internet Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | Broadcaster | User,Unknown,Site / Service Blocking,yes,yes,\”GoldTV site-blocking orders is a blocking measure/regime in Canada. It is based on Bell Media Inc. v GoldTV Services, 2019 FC 1432. Enforcement route: Federal Court; implemented by Canadian ISPs. Primary targets are Pirate IPTV / streaming services. Technical note: Later Canadian cases moved toward dynamic blocking as well.\”,Widely described as Canada’s first site-blocking order.,https://decisions.fct-cf.gc.ca/fc-cf/decisions/en/item/424753/index.do,https://www.osler.com/en/insights/updates/canadian-federal-court-issues-dynamic-website-blocking-injunction-to-combat-unauthorized-hockey-web/,Unknown,In force,,Int,5,2026-07-01\r\nint-004,india-2009-section-69a-blocking-orders,International,2009,India,National security / public order / unlawful content,Administrative Measure,Section 69A blocking orders,Central Government / MeitY and designated officers,\”Block public access to content for sovereignty, security, public order and related grounds\”,Internet Provider | Platform Operator | Website Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,General Blocking Framework,unknown,unknown,\”Section 69A blocking orders is a blocking measure/regime in India. It is based on Information Technology Act 2000, Section 69A; Blocking Rules 2009. Enforcement route: Central Government / MeitY and designated officers. Primary targets are Any online information subject to a lawful blocking order. Technical note: The law authorizes public-access blocking but does not tie orders to a single technical method in public-facing summaries.\”,A broad general blocking power; included because it is a major legal basis for ISP/intermediary access blocking.,https://www.meity.gov.in/documents/act-and-policies/section-69a-of-it-act-2-YjNxgTMtQWa,https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&filename=blocking_for_access_of_information_rule_2009.pdf&type=rule,Unknown,In force,,Int,6,2026-07-01\r\nint-005,indonesia-2020-mr5-access-blocking-regime,International,2020,Indonesia,Unlawful / prohibited content,Legislation / Regulation,MR5 access blocking regime,Kominfo / internet service providers,Block prohibited content and non-compliant electronic systems,Internet Provider | Platform Operator | Website Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,General Blocking Framework,unknown,unknown,MR5 access blocking regime is a blocking measure/regime in Indonesia. It is based on Ministerial Regulation No. 5 of 2020. Enforcement route: Kominfo / internet service providers. Primary targets are Prohibited content and non-compliant private electronic system operators. Technical note: The regulation expressly describes access blocking and requires ISP landing pages when access is cut.,A broad internet blocking regime rather than a sector-specific gambling or piracy measure.,https://jdih.komdigi.go.id/produk_hukum/view/id/759/t/peraturan%2Bmenteri%2Bkomunikasi%2Bdan%2Binformatika%2BNomor%2B5%2Btahun%2B2020,https://www.accessNow.org/press-release/indonesia-mr5-amicus-brief/,Unknown,In force,,Int,7,2026-07-01\r\nint-006,russia-2012-unified-register-of-prohibited-websites,International,2012,Russia,Unlawful / prohibited content,Administrative Measure,Unified register of prohibited websites,Roskomnadzor register and ISP compliance,Restrict access to specified categories of unlawful online information,Internet Provider | Website Operator | User | Public Authority,\”Roskomnadzor’s IP blocking swept up Amazon and Google cloud ranges, disrupting unrelated services, banking/app traffic, and even Roskomnadzor’s own site.\”,Register / Blacklist Blocking,yes,yes,\”Unified register of prohibited websites is a blocking measure/regime in Russia. It is based on Federal Law No. 149-FZ, Article 15.1. Enforcement route: Roskomnadzor register and ISP compliance. Primary targets are Websites carrying prohibited categories of information. Technical note: Russian blocking practice also uses URL-level and other routing-based measures.\”,Included because it is a major state blocking architecture with statutory footing.,https://www.zakonrf.info/doc-15964632/st15.1/,https://rm.coe.int/iris-extra-2021en-regulation-of-social-media-in-russia/1680a3f77e,https://www.wired.com/story/telegram-in-russia-blocked-web-app-ban-facebook-twitter-google/,In force,,Int,8,2026-07-01\r\nint-007,russia-2013-copyright-register-anti-piracy-blocking,International,2013,Russia,Copyright / piracy,Administrative Measure,Copyright register / anti-piracy blocking,Moscow City Court orders / Roskomnadzor register / ISP compliance,Restrict access to websites carrying infringing audiovisual content,Internet Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | Broadcaster | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Register / Blacklist Blocking,yes,yes,\”Copyright register / anti-piracy blocking is a blocking measure/regime in Russia. It is based on Federal Law No. 149-FZ, Article 15.2. Enforcement route: Moscow City Court orders / Roskomnadzor register / ISP compliance. Primary targets are Pirate audiovisual content sites and mirrors. Technical note: Often implemented through Roskomnadzor’s established blocking infrastructure.\”,Russia has long maintained a specific anti-piracy blocking pathway separate from the general prohibited-content register.,https://www.zakonrf.info/doc-15964632/st15.2/,https://base.garant.ru/512148555/,Unknown,In force,,Int,9,2026-07-01\r\nint-008,singapore-2014-court-ordered-copyright-site-blocking,International,2014,Singapore,Copyright / piracy,Court,Court-ordered copyright site blocking,High Court orders against network service providers,Reduce access to flagrantly infringing online locations,Internet Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User,Unknown,Site / Service Blocking,yes,yes,Court-ordered copyright site blocking is a blocking measure/regime in Singapore. It is based on now consolidated in the Copyright Act 2021 (originating in 2014 amendments). Enforcement route: High Court orders against network service providers. Primary targets are Flagrantly infringing online locations. Technical note: The 2021 Act is the current consolidated statute; site blocking originated under earlier amendments in 2014.,Useful as a clean statutory model in Asia for copyright-focused site blocking.,https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CA2021,https://www.osborneclarke.com/insights/copyright-site-blocking-in-singapore,Unknown,In force,,Int,10,2026-07-01\r\nint-009,singapore-2014-blocking-of-unlawful-remote-gambling-services,International,2014,Singapore,Illegal gambling,Legislation / Regulation,Blocking of unlawful remote gambling services,Gambling Regulatory Authority / relevant ministers and ISPs,Suppress unlawful remote gambling and protect the public,Internet Provider | Gambling Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,General Blocking Framework,unknown,unknown,\”Blocking of unlawful remote gambling services is a blocking measure/regime in Singapore. It is based on Remote Gambling Act 2014, now consolidated in Gambling Control Act 2022. Enforcement route: Gambling Regulatory Authority / relevant ministers and ISPs. Primary targets are Unlawful remote gambling websites and services. Technical note: Public statutory summaries focus on blocking and access restriction, not one named technical method.\”,\”Long-running remote-gambling blocking regime, now consolidated in the 2022 Act.\”,https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/GCA2022,https://www.gra.gov.sg/,Unknown,In force,,Int,11,2026-07-01\r\nint-010,south-korea-2019-kcsc-domain-filtering-and-sni-based-blocking,International,2019,South Korea,Unlawful / harmful content,Administrative Measure,KCSC domain filtering and SNI-based blocking,Korean Communications Standards Commission working through ISPs,Block illegal or designated harmful online content,Internet Provider | Website Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,SNI / TLS hostname filtering,yes,no,KCSC domain filtering and SNI-based blocking is a blocking measure/regime in South Korea. It is based on Korean blocking practice under the Network Act and related content-control framework. Enforcement route: Korean Communications Standards Commission working through ISPs. Primary targets are Blacklisted illegal / harmful online services and domains. Technical note: South Korea historically used DNS filtering before shifting to SNI-based filtering for HTTPS traffic in 2019.,Included because it is a major operational national blocking system even though the modern implementation is not purely DNS or IP based.,https://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/policies/view?articleId=168066,https://lumendatabase.org/Notices/73101162,Unknown,In force,,Int,12,2026-07-01\r\nint-011,turkey-2007-access-blocking-under-law-no-5651,International,2007,Turkey,Illegal content / public-order offences,Legislation / Regulation,Access blocking under Law No. 5651,Courts / BTK / Access Providers Union,Block access to content and services deemed unlawful under Turkish law,Internet Provider | Platform Operator | Website Operator | User | Public Authority,Unknown,General Blocking Framework,yes,yes,\”Access blocking under Law No. 5651 is a blocking measure/regime in Turkey. It is based on Law No. 5651 on Internet Publications. Enforcement route: Courts / BTK / Access Providers Union. Primary targets are Unlawful online publications and content categories covered by the law. Technical note: Public legal explainers quote the statute as covering domain-name blocking, IP blocking, URL blocking and similar methods.\”,Broad and long-running framework; frequently cited in comparative blocking discussions.,https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/Mevzuatmetin/1.5.5651.Pdf,https://www.goksusafiisik.av.tr/en/publications/2025-summer-issue/blocking-of-access-and-removal-of-content-in-turkiye-law-No-5651-judicial-decisions-and-international-practices?id=515,Unknown,In force,,Int,13,2026-07-01\r\nint-012,united-states-2026-cox-communications-inc-v-sony-music-entertainment,International,2026,United States,Copyright / piracy,Court,\”Cox Communications, Inc. v. Sony Music Entertainment\”,Supreme Court,To assess whether an ISP can be secondarily liable for user piracy despite acting as a neutral access provider.,Internet Provider | Rights Holder | User,Unknown,Intermediary Liability / Responsibility,no,no,Cox v Sony Music concerned whether an ISP can be secondarily liable for copyright infringement by subscribers after receiving repeated infringement Notices. The case focused on liability standards rather than a classic website-blocking order.,\”The U.S. Supreme Court held that mere knowledge of subscriber infringement is not enough for contributory liability. An ISP must have intended its service to be used for infringement, such as by inducing infringement or tailoring the service to infringing uses.\”,https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/25pdf/24-171_bq7d.pdf,https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/cert/24-171,Unknown,In force,,Int,14,2026-07-01\r\nint-013,united-states-2025-foreign-anti-digital-piracy-act-proposal,International,2025,United States,Copyright / piracy,Policy Proposal / Draft,Foreign Anti-Digital Piracy Act proposal,Would authorize federal court blocking orders if enacted,Create a court process to block specifically identified infringing foreign websites or services,Internet Provider | DNS Provider | Hosting | Domain Name Provider | Website Operator | Rights Holder | User | Public Authority,Unknown,Blocking Proposal / Draft,unknown,unknown,\”Foreign Anti-Digital Piracy Act proposal is a blocking measure/regime in United States. It is based on H.R. 791 (119th Congress), Foreign Anti-Digital Piracy Act. Enforcement route: Would authorize federal court blocking orders if enacted. Primary targets are Foreign piracy-focused websites or online services. Technical note: The bill is pending; technical implementation would depend on the enacted text and resulting court orders.\”,Included as a clearly pending legislative measure rather than an in-force regime.,https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-119hr791ih,https://www.copyright.gov/title17/,Unknown,Not in force,,Int,15,2026-07-01\r\n”; (function () { ‘use strict’; const PAGE_SIZE = 20; const escapeHTML = (value) => String(value ?? ”) .replaceAll(‘&’, ‘&’).replaceAll(”, ‘>’) .replaceAll(‘”‘, ‘"’).replaceAll(“‘”, ‘'’); const boolLabel = (value) => value === true ? ‘Yes’ : value === false ? ‘No’ : ‘n/a’; const statusClass = (status) => status === ‘in_force’ ? ‘in_force’ : status === ‘not_in_force’ ? ‘not_in_force’ : ”; const mapLevel = (count) => count >= 7 ? 4 : count >= 4 ? 3 : count >= 2 ? 2 : count >= 1 ? 1 : 0; class TopDNSBlockingTracker { constructor(root) { this.root = root; this.src = root.dataset.src || ‘./data/blocking-tracker.json’; this.csvHref = root.dataset.csv || ‘./data/blocking-tracker.csv’; this.mapSrc = root.dataset.map || ‘./data/world-map.json’; this.state = { search: ”, region: ”, country: ”, topic: ”, caseType: ”, blockingType: ”, dns: ”, ip: ”, status: ”, sort: ‘newest’, visible: PAGE_SIZE, tab: root.dataset.defaultTab || ‘cases’, mapView: root.dataset.defaultMapView || ‘europe’ }; this.payload = null; this.mapPayload = null; this.filtered = []; this.mapStatsByCountry = new Map(); } async init() { this.renderLoading(); try { if (window.TOPDNS_BLOCKING_TRACKER_DATA) { this.payload = window.TOPDNS_BLOCKING_TRACKER_DATA; } else { const response = await fetch(this.src, { credentials: ‘same-origin’ }); if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${response.status}`); this.payload = await response.json(); } try { if (window.TOPDNS_BLOCKING_TRACKER_MAP) { this.mapPayload = window.TOPDNS_BLOCKING_TRACKER_MAP; } else { const mapResponse = await fetch(this.mapSrc, { credentials: ‘same-origin’ }); if (mapResponse.ok) this.mapPayload = await mapResponse.json(); } } catch (mapError) { console.warn(‘topDNS Blocking Tracker map:’, mapError); } this.readURLState(); this.renderShell(); this.populateFilters(); this.renderMapBase(); this.bindEvents(); this.configureStandaloneDownloads(); this.update(); this.openCaseFromURL(); } catch (error) { this.root.innerHTML = `
Tracker data could not be loaded.
${escapeHTML(error.message)}
`; console.error(‘topDNS Blocking Tracker:’, error); } } renderLoading() { this.root.innerHTML = ‘
Loading tracker data…
‘; } renderShell() { this.root.innerHTML = `

topDNS Initiative

DNS & IP Blocking Tracker

Explore court decisions, legislation, regulation and enforcement measures involving DNS and IP blocking in Europe and internationally.

–matching cases
–jurisdictions
–DNS blocking confirmed
–IP blocking confirmed
${this.filterSelect(‘region’, ‘Region’)} ${this.filterSelect(‘period’, ‘Year / period’)} ${this.filterSelect(‘country’, ‘Country / jurisdiction’)} ${this.filterSelect(‘topic’, ‘Topic’)} ${this.filterSelect(‘caseType’, ‘Case type’)} ${this.filterSelect(‘stakeholder’, ‘Affected stakeholder’)} ${this.filterSelect(‘blockingType’, ‘Blocking type’)} ${this.filterSelect(‘dns’, ‘DNS blocking’)} ${this.filterSelect(‘ip’, ‘IP blocking’)} ${this.filterSelect(‘status’, ‘Status’)}
Download CSV

About this tracker

The tracker presents cases and measures recorded in the underlying topDNS dataset. Narrative descriptions are retained from the source dataset; standardized tags are used only to support filtering and comparison. “Unknown” for DNS or IP blocking means that the technical method is not specified in the dataset and is not treated as “No”. Please consult the cited primary and secondary sources for the authoritative context. This tracker is informational and does not constitute legal advice.

 `; } filterSelect(key, label) { return `
All
`; } populateFilters() { const t = this.payload.taxonomy; this.setOptions(‘region’, t.regions); this.setOptions(‘period’, t.periods); this.setOptions(‘country’, t.countries); this.setOptions(‘topic’, t.topics); this.setOptions(‘caseType’, t.case_types); this.setOptions(‘stakeholder’, t.affected_stakeholders); this.setOptions(‘blockingType’, t.blocking_types); this.setOptions(‘dns’, [‘yes’, ‘no’, ‘unknown’], { yes: ‘Yes’, no: ‘No’, unknown: ‘Unknown’ }); this.setOptions(‘ip’, [‘yes’, ‘no’, ‘unknown’], { yes: ‘Yes’, no: ‘No’, unknown: ‘Unknown’ }); this.setOptions(‘status’, [‘in_force’, ‘not_in_force’], { in_force: ‘In force’, not_in_force: ‘Not in force’ }); Object.entries(this.state).forEach(([key, value]) => { const el = this.root.querySelector(`[data-filter=”${key}”]`); if (el && value) el.value = value; }); } setOptions(key, values, labels = {}) { const select = this.root.querySelector(`[data-filter=”${key}”]`); values.forEach(value => { const option = document.createElement(‘option’); option.value = value; option.textContent = labels[value] || value; select.append(option); }); } bindEvents() { this.root.querySelectorAll(‘[data-filter]’).forEach(el => { const eventName = el.dataset.filter === ‘search’ ? ‘input’ : ‘change’; el.addEventListener(eventName, () => { this.state[el.dataset.filter] = el.value; this.state.visible = PAGE_SIZE; this.update(); }); }); this.root.querySelector(‘[data-action=”clear”]’).addEventListener(‘click’, () => this.clearFilters()); this.root.querySelectorAll(‘[data-tab]’).forEach(btn => btn.addEventListener(‘click’, () => this.setTab(btn.dataset.tab))); this.root.querySelectorAll(‘[data-map-view]’).forEach(btn => btn.addEventListener(‘click’, () => this.setMapView(btn.dataset.mapView))); const dialog = this.root.querySelector(‘[data-dialog]’); dialog.addEventListener(‘click’, (event) => { if (event.target === dialog) this.closeDialog(); }); dialog.addEventListener(‘close’, () => this.removeCaseFromURL()); } configureStandaloneDownloads() { if (!window.TOPDNS_BLOCKING_TRACKER_CSV) return; const link = this.root.querySelector(‘[data-csv-link]’); if (!link) return; const blob = new Blob([window.TOPDNS_BLOCKING_TRACKER_CSV], { type: ‘text/csv;charset=utf-8’ }); link.href = URL.createObjectURL(blob); link.download = ‘topdns-dns-ip-blocking-tracker.csv’; } clearFilters() { Object.assign(this.state, { search: ”, region: ”, period: ”, country: ”, topic: ”, caseType: ”, stakeholder: ”, blockingType: ”, dns: ”, ip: ”, status: ”, sort: ‘newest’, visible: PAGE_SIZE }); this.root.querySelectorAll(‘[data-filter]’).forEach(el => { el.value = this.state[el.dataset.filter] ?? ”; }); this.update(); } setTab(tab) { const valid = [‘cases’, ‘map’, ‘compare’]; this.state.tab = valid.includes(tab) ? tab : ‘cases’; this.root.querySelectorAll(‘[data-tab]’).forEach(btn => btn.setAttribute(‘aria-selected’, String(btn.dataset.tab === this.state.tab))); this.root.querySelectorAll(‘[data-view]’).forEach(view => { view.hidden = view.dataset.view !== this.state.tab; }); this.syncURL(); } setMapView(view) { this.state.mapView = view === ‘world’ ? ‘world’ : ‘europe’; this.root.querySelectorAll(‘[data-map-view]’).forEach(btn => btn.setAttribute(‘aria-pressed’, String(btn.dataset.mapView === this.state.mapView))); this.applyMapViewBox(); this.syncURL(); } update() { this.filtered = this.getFilteredCases(); this.renderStats(); this.renderCards(); this.renderMap(); this.renderCompare(); this.syncURL(); } getFilteredCases(options = {}) { const s = this.state; const search = s.search.trim().toLowerCase(); const cases = this.payload.cases.filter(c => { const haystack = [c.name, c.country, c.topic_raw, c.case_type, c.institution, c.objective, c.blocking_type, c.description, c.result, c.comment, …(c.affected_stakeholders || [])].filter(Boolean).join(‘ ‘).toLowerCase(); const flagMatch = (value, filter) => !filter || (filter === ‘yes’ && value === true) || (filter === ‘no’ && value === false) || (filter === ‘unknown’ && value === null); return (!search || haystack.includes(search)) && (!s.region || c.region === s.region) && (!s.period || c.time.raw === s.period) && (options.ignoreCountry || !s.country || c.country === s.country) && (!s.topic || c.topics.includes(s.topic)) && (!s.caseType || c.case_type === s.caseType) && (!s.stakeholder || c.affected_stakeholders.includes(s.stakeholder)) && (!s.blockingType || c.blocking_type === s.blockingType) && flagMatch(c.dns_blocking, s.dns) && flagMatch(c.ip_blocking, s.ip) && (!s.status || c.status === s.status); }); return cases.sort((a, b) => { if (s.sort === ‘oldest’) return (a.time.sort_key || 0) – (b.time.sort_key || 0) || a.country.localeCompare(b.country); if (s.sort === ‘country’) return a.country.localeCompare(b.country) || (b.time.sort_key || 0) – (a.time.sort_key || 0); return (b.time.sort_key || 0) – (a.time.sort_key || 0) || a.country.localeCompare(b.country); }); } renderStats() { const cases = this.filtered; const jurisdictions = new Set(cases.map(c => c.country).filter(Boolean)).size; const stats = { cases: cases.length, jurisdictions, dns: cases.filter(c => c.dns_blocking === true).length, ip: cases.filter(c => c.ip_blocking === true).length }; Object.entries(stats).forEach(([key, value]) => { this.root.querySelector(`[data-stat=”${key}”]`).textContent = value; }); this.root.querySelector(‘[data-result-count]’).textContent = `${cases.length} result${cases.length === 1 ? ” : ‘s’}`; } renderCards() { const holder = this.root.querySelector(‘[data-cards]’); const visibleCases = this.filtered.slice(0, this.state.visible); if (!visibleCases.length) { holder.innerHTML = ‘
No cases match the selected filters.
‘; } else { holder.innerHTML = visibleCases.map(c => this.cardHTML(c)).join(”); holder.querySelectorAll(‘[data-case]’).forEach(btn => btn.addEventListener(‘click’, () => this.openCase(btn.dataset.case))); } const more = this.root.querySelector(‘[data-load-more]’); more.innerHTML = this.state.visible < this.filtered.length ? '‘ : ”; const btn = more.querySelector(‘[data-more]’); if (btn) btn.addEventListener(‘click’, () => { this.state.visible += PAGE_SIZE; this.renderCards(); }); } cardHTML(c) { const topics = c.topics.slice(0, 2).map(t => `${escapeHTML(t)}`).join(”); return `
${escapeHTML(c.country)} · ${escapeHTML(c.time.display || ”)} · ${escapeHTML(c.case_type || ”)}

${escapeHTML(c.name)}

${escapeHTML(c.status_label)}

${escapeHTML(c.objective || c.description || ”)}

${topics}DNS: ${boolLabel(c.dns_blocking)}IP: ${boolLabel(c.ip_blocking)}
`; } renderMapBase() { const svg = this.root.querySelector(‘[data-map-svg]’); if (!this.mapPayload || !Array.isArray(this.mapPayload.countries)) { svg.outerHTML = ‘
Map geometry could not be loaded. The Cases and Compare views remain available.
‘; return; } svg.innerHTML = this.mapPayload.countries.map(country => `${escapeHTML(country.name)}` ).join(”); svg.querySelectorAll(‘[data-map-iso]’).forEach(path => { path.addEventListener(‘pointerenter’, event => this.showMapTooltip(path, event)); path.addEventListener(‘pointermove’, event => this.showMapTooltip(path, event)); path.addEventListener(‘pointerleave’, () => this.hideMapTooltip()); path.addEventListener(‘focus’, () => this.showMapTooltip(path)); path.addEventListener(‘blur’, () => this.hideMapTooltip()); path.addEventListener(‘click’, () => this.selectMapCountry(path.dataset.trackerCountry)); path.addEventListener(‘keydown’, event => { if ((event.key === ‘Enter’ || event.key === ‘ ‘) && path.dataset.trackerCountry) { event.preventDefault(); this.selectMapCountry(path.dataset.trackerCountry); } }); }); this.applyMapViewBox(); } applyMapViewBox() { const svg = this.root.querySelector(‘[data-map-svg]’); if (!svg || !this.mapPayload) return; const box = this.mapPayload.views?.[this.state.mapView] || this.mapPayload.meta?.view_box || [0, 0, 360, 180]; svg.setAttribute(‘viewBox’, box.join(‘ ‘)); this.root.querySelectorAll(‘[data-map-view]’).forEach(btn => btn.setAttribute(‘aria-pressed’, String(btn.dataset.mapView === this.state.mapView))); } renderMap() { if (!this.mapPayload) return; const cases = this.getFilteredCases({ ignoreCountry: true }); const groups = new Map(); cases.forEach(c => { if (!groups.has(c.country)) groups.set(c.country, []); groups.get(c.country).push(c); }); this.mapStatsByCountry = new Map([…groups.entries()].map(([country, items]) => [country, { country, cases: items.length, dns: items.filter(c => c.dns_blocking === true).length, ip: items.filter(c => c.ip_blocking === true).length, active: items.filter(c => c.status === ‘in_force’).length, latest: Math.max(…items.map(c => c.time.year || 0)) || ” }])); const isoToCountry = new Map(Object.entries(this.mapPayload.country_to_iso3 || {}).map(([country, iso]) => [iso, country])); this.root.querySelectorAll(‘[data-map-iso]’).forEach(path => { const country = isoToCountry.get(path.dataset.mapIso) || ”; const stats = country ? this.mapStatsByCountry.get(country) : null; const count = stats?.cases || 0; path.dataset.trackerCountry = country; path.className.baseVal = `tracker-map-country${count ? ` has-cases level-${mapLevel(count)}` : ”}${country && this.state.country === country ? ‘ selected’ : ”}`; path.setAttribute(‘tabindex’, count ? ‘0’ : ‘-1’); path.setAttribute(‘aria-label’, count ? `${country}: ${count} matching case${count === 1 ? ” : ‘s’}` : `${path.querySelector(‘title’)?.textContent || ‘Country’}: no matching cases`); }); this.renderMapSummary(cases); } renderMapSummary(cases) { const holder = this.root.querySelector(‘[data-map-summary]’); if (!holder) return; const rows = […this.mapStatsByCountry.values()].filter(x => x.country !== ‘EU’) .sort((a, b) => b.cases – a.cases || a.country.localeCompare(b.country)); const eu = this.mapStatsByCountry.get(‘EU’); const selected = this.state.country ? this.mapStatsByCountry.get(this.state.country) : null; const selectedHTML = this.state.country ? `
Selected jurisdiction ${escapeHTML(this.state.country)} ${selected ? `${selected.cases} matching case${selected.cases === 1 ? ” : ‘s’}` : ‘No cases match the other active filters’}
` : ”; holder.innerHTML = ` ${selectedHTML}
EU-level
Top jurisdictions
${rows.slice(0, 8).map(r => ` `).join(”) || ‘

No countries match the active filters.

‘}
${cases.length} matching cases across ${this.mapStatsByCountry.size} jurisdictions
`; holder.querySelectorAll(‘[data-map-country]’).forEach(btn => btn.addEventListener(‘click’, () => this.selectMapCountry(btn.dataset.mapCountry))); const clear = holder.querySelector(‘[data-map-clear-country]’); if (clear) clear.addEventListener(‘click’, () => this.selectMapCountry(”)); } showMapTooltip(path, pointerEvent) { const country = path.dataset.trackerCountry; if (!country) return; const stats = this.mapStatsByCountry.get(country); if (!stats) return; const tooltip = this.root.querySelector(‘[data-map-tooltip]’); const frame = this.root.querySelector(‘[data-map-frame]’); if (!tooltip || !frame) return; tooltip.innerHTML = `${escapeHTML(country)}${stats.cases} matching case${stats.cases === 1 ? ” : ‘s’}DNS: ${stats.dns} · IP: ${stats.ip} · In force: ${stats.active}${stats.latest ? ` · Latest: ${stats.latest}` : ”}`; tooltip.hidden = false; const frameRect = frame.getBoundingClientRect(); let x; let y; if (pointerEvent?.clientX != null) { x = pointerEvent.clientX – frameRect.left + 12; y = pointerEvent.clientY – frameRect.top + 12; } else { const pathRect = path.getBoundingClientRect(); x = pathRect.left – frameRect.left + pathRect.width / 2; y = pathRect.top – frameRect.top + pathRect.height / 2; } const maxX = Math.max(8, frame.clientWidth – 230); tooltip.style.left = `${Math.max(8, Math.min(x, maxX))}px`; tooltip.style.top = `${Math.max(8, y)}px`; } hideMapTooltip() { const tooltip = this.root.querySelector(‘[data-map-tooltip]’); if (tooltip) tooltip.hidden = true; } selectMapCountry(country) { this.state.country = country || ”; this.state.visible = PAGE_SIZE; const select = this.root.querySelector(‘[data-filter=”country”]’); if (select) select.value = this.state.country; this.setTab(‘cases’); this.update(); } renderCompare() { const groups = new Map(); this.filtered.forEach(c => { if (!groups.has(c.country)) groups.set(c.country, []); groups.get(c.country).push(c); }); const rows = […groups.entries()].map(([country, cases]) => ({ country, cases: cases.length, dns: cases.filter(c => c.dns_blocking === true).length, ip: cases.filter(c => c.ip_blocking === true).length, active: cases.filter(c => c.status === ‘in_force’).length, latest: Math.max(…cases.map(c => c.time.year || 0)) || ” })).sort((a,b) => b.cases – a.cases || a.country.localeCompare(b.country)); this.root.querySelector(‘[data-compare-body]’).innerHTML = rows.map(r => `${escapeHTML(r.country)}${r.cases}${r.dns}${r.ip}${r.active}${r.latest}`).join(”); } openCase(slug) { const c = this.payload.cases.find(x => x.slug === slug); if (!c) return; const dialog = this.root.querySelector(‘[data-dialog]’); const content = this.root.querySelector(‘[data-dialog-content]’); const sourceItems = [ [‘Primary source’, c.sources.primary], [‘Secondary source’, c.sources.secondary], [‘Collateral damage source’, c.sources.collateral_damage] ].filter(([, url]) => url).map(([label, url]) => `
  • ${escapeHTML(label)}
    • `).join(”); const stakeholders = (c.affected_stakeholders || []).map(x => `${escapeHTML(x)}`).join(”); const topics = (c.topics || []).map(x => `${escapeHTML(x)}`).join(”); content.innerHTML = `
    ${escapeHTML(c.country)} · ${escapeHTML(c.time.display || ”)}

    ${escapeHTML(c.name)}

    Case type${escapeHTML(c.case_type || ‘—’)}
    Institution${escapeHTML(c.institution || ‘—’)}
    Blocking type${escapeHTML(c.blocking_type || ‘—’)}
    Status${escapeHTML(c.status_label || ‘—’)}

    Topics

    ${topics}

    Objective

    ${escapeHTML(c.objective || ‘—’)}

    Technical blocking

    DNS: ${boolLabel(c.dns_blocking)}IP: ${boolLabel(c.ip_blocking)}

    Affected stakeholders

    ${stakeholders || ‘—’}

    Description

    ${escapeHTML(c.description || ‘—’)}

    Result

    ${escapeHTML(c.result || ‘—’)}

    ${c.collateral_damage ? `

    Collateral damage

    ${escapeHTML(c.collateral_damage)}

    ` : ”} ${c.comment ? `

    Comment

    ${escapeHTML(c.comment)}

    ` : ”}

    Sources

    ${sourceItems ? `
      ${sourceItems}
    ` : ‘

    —

    ‘}
    `; content.querySelector(‘[data-close]’).addEventListener(‘click’, () => dialog.close()); if (typeof dialog.showModal === ‘function’) dialog.showModal(); else dialog.setAttribute(‘open’, ”); this.setCaseInURL(slug); } closeDialog() { const dialog = this.root.querySelector(‘[data-dialog]’); if (dialog.open && typeof dialog.close === ‘function’) dialog.close(); else dialog.removeAttribute(‘open’); this.removeCaseFromURL(); } readURLState() { const p = new URLSearchParams(location.search); const keys = [‘search’,’region’,’period’,’country’,’topic’,’caseType’,’stakeholder’,’blockingType’,’dns’,’ip’,’status’,’sort’,’tab’,’mapView’]; keys.forEach(k => { const v = p.get(`tracker_${k}`); if (v) this.state[k] = v; }); } syncURL() { const url = new URL(location.href); [‘search’,’region’,’period’,’country’,’topic’,’caseType’,’stakeholder’,’blockingType’,’dns’,’ip’,’status’,’sort’,’tab’,’mapView’].forEach(k => { const v = this.state[k]; const isDefault = (k === ‘sort’ && v === ‘newest’) || (k === ‘tab’ && v === ‘cases’) || (k === ‘mapView’ && v === ‘europe’); if (v && !isDefault) url.searchParams.set(`tracker_${k}`, v); else url.searchParams.delete(`tracker_${k}`); }); this.safeReplaceURL(url); } safeReplaceURL(url) { if (location.protocol === ‘file:’) return; try { history.replaceState({}, ”, url); } catch (error) { /* Preview environments may block URL rewriting. */ } } setCaseInURL(slug) { const url = new URL(location.href); url.searchParams.set(‘tracker_case’, slug); this.safeReplaceURL(url); } removeCaseFromURL() { const url = new URL(location.href); url.searchParams.delete(‘tracker_case’); this.safeReplaceURL(url); } openCaseFromURL() { const slug = new URLSearchParams(location.search).get(‘tracker_case’); if (slug) this.openCase(slug); this.setTab([‘cases’, ‘map’, ‘compare’].includes(this.state.tab) ? this.state.tab : ‘cases’); this.setMapView(this.state.mapView); } } document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’, () => { document.querySelectorAll(‘.topdns-tracker[data-src]’).forEach(root => new TopDNSBlockingTracker(root).init()); }); })();